The Edge Of Ambiguity: Hidden Monsters 👼👹

I hope my illustration focusing on the Manhwa “The Edge Of Ambiguity” aroused my avid readers’ curiosity. I discovered the story thanks to @Luzyla’s recommendation. As soon as I started reading it, I fell in love with this Webtoon. It is truly a gem, though the cover on Lezhin is rather gloomy and simple. Moreover, in the beginning, I had troubles to differentiate two characters from each other, Lim Gyujin (chapter 3) and Tae Jihwan (chapter 1). But this confusion was just short-lived, as soon as I got to know these two figures. They might look similar first, yet their personality diverges so much. That’s how I came to realize why the author had selected the title “The Edge Of Ambiguity”. She is playing with turmoil, double meaning and enigma. She is confusing her readers on purpose. Why? EZ is raising the following questions. Who is normal or not, and as such who is the monster or not? Are their actions or words good or bad? However, for that, the beholder needs to have criteria for judging others. So how do we judge people in the end? Through reputation, rumors, actions, words or because of desires and interests? Through her work, the author is showing that perception is related to perspective and knowledge.

Let me give you an example. (chapter 32) Here, Tae Jihwan’s smile looks rather creepy and manipulative so that the beholder could view him as a freak or even a psychopath. But is this judgement about the protagonist correct? On the other hand, the smirk from Jihwan was directed at Lim Gyujin (chapter 32), who got so mad at the main character that he assaulted the protagonist. (chapter 32) Gyujin’s dark aura makes him look menacing and weird as well. Who is the “monster” here in the end? In order to judge these characters properly, it is important to put the whole scene into its context, and this action stands for knowledge and understanding. Therefore the Manhwaphiles can grasp why I chose “Hidden Monsters” for this essay. All her characters are moving along a thin line between normality and monstrosity. Yes, even the cute and sensitive protagonist Shin Soo-Young. 😮 (chapter 1) In this analysis, I would like to present these “hidden monsters”. With the term “monster”, I am referring to “cruel persons” and not supernatural creatures.

1. The “weirdo” Shin Soo-Young

First, it is relevant to know about his family background. He is the son of a single mother which represents a huge stigma in South Korean society. (chapter 2) Why? It is because children are supposed to receive the father’s name. To conclude, his birth represents a huge anomality. This explicates why Soo-Young is not mentioning his family situation to others so easily either. Only when he faced trouble, he confided to Gyujin and Tae Jihwan. As the son of a single mother, he considers himself as a burden and stain. This explicates why he is not living with his mother. Even when they are struggling financially again, (chapter 23), he prefers moving to a cheaper place than returning home. Observe that he is even admitting that his mother’s place is more comfortable than his new worn out flat. (chapter 27) I am also assuming that since he started visiting high school, he has been living on his own. Under this new perspective, it becomes comprehensible why Soo-Young is trying to act like an adult all the time. He doesn’t desire to add more stress and responsibility on his mother. No wonder why the student is not confiding to his own mother either. (chapter 23) He feels that if he let her know about his struggles and problems, he would add more trouble to his parent. Because Soo-Young always sees himself as a burden to his “family” (he would cost money), he feels indebted towards them. He needs to repay them by “becoming a contributing member of society”. (chapter 2) This means, he has to become successful at school and get a college degree so that once he gets a job, so that he can become the mother’s pride. However, this means that he is putting himself under pressure. He promised to his family, he would enter Hankuk University, but his counselor is suggesting to apply elsewhere . (chapter 28) On the other hand, this imposed exclusion is not entirely voluntary, for this was initially suggested by the mother and uncle. (chapter 2) Moreover, later he confesses that he feels very lonely. The best evidence that Soo-Young’s decisions are the result of the mother and uncle’s manipulations is their conversation at the hospital. Soo-Young didn’t desire to move away. (chapter 2) His shaking hand was betraying him. He was upset. But note that the mother portrayed herself as an hindrance to her son. (chapter 2) Moreover, the manhwaphiles should pay attention to her body language. She was closing her eyes, when she convinced her son to move out and to apply for Hankuk university. (chapter 2) Finally, during her visit, when her son repeated her wish: (chapter 23), she had a similar reaction. She turned away her head and closed her eyes (chapter 23) before adding this peculiar comment: (chapter 23) She insinuated that it was her son’s wish, yet the reality is that these wishes had come first from the mother and uncle! This explicates why she never objected to his desires. In other words, Soo-Young’s negative feelings about himself are caused by the mother and uncle’s advices and behavior. She told her son that she was a burden to him, thus the latter mirrored these feelings. He was a burden for the mother.

But there exists another reason why Soo-Young views himself as a “weirdo”. It is related to his sexual orientation. (chapter 6) He is viewing homosexuality as a “stain”, for it is rejected by Korean society. He fears people’s gaze and judgement and in my opinion, this anxiety is also strongly intertwined with his origins, the son of a single mother. This explicates why he rejects to be seen as a homosexual. He doesn’t want to be touched in public or even to kiss. This fear explains also why Soo-Young misinterpreted Tae Jihwan’s words. (chapter 18) The latter was not rejecting homosexuality per se, rather Gyujin as partner. Yet, his words were so ambiguous that Soo-Young imagined that Jihwan was repulsed by homosexuality. But here, I have to add that Lim Gyujin played a role in this negative perception of homosexuality. (chapter 12) The usage of blackmail is exposing the existence of a taboo, a violation of social norms. And how did Gyujin come to this solution? It is because the latter has been hiding his own attraction to Soo-Young as well. He justified their relationship by stating that Soo-Young had a crush on him. (chapter 5) He went so far as to say that the main lead had been flirting with him. (chapter 6). That way, Gyujin was avoiding assuming any responsibility. By acting this way, Gyujin was hiding his own sexual orientation. He appears as a hypocrite and coward. No wonder why Soo-Young saw his sexual orientation as a heavy weight. But since the seme got violent with Soo-Young (chapter 6), the latter decided to break up with him. That’s how the blackmail started. (chapter 6) Gyujin made sure to isolate Soo-Young. The former made the protagonist feel guilty and dirty, the moment Soo-Young pushed him away. Besides, his first sexual experiences (chapter 21) with Gyujin were negative, for they were associated to coercion and violence. This explicates why Soo-Young could only see homosexuality as a monstrosity. Therefore he could only view himself as bizarre.

And this brings me to the following observation. Soo-Young was definitely attracted to Tae Jihwan very early on (chapter 1), but he convinced himself to keep his distance from him, for they were so different. (chapter 26) Finally, the uke’s thoughts (chapter 1) are clearly revealing that he connects sodomy to dirt and filth.

Interesting is that by examining Soo-Young, the Manhwa lovers could detect the presence of other “hidden monsters”, Gyujin, the mother and the uncle, for they all have been manipulating the main lead.

2. Soo-Young’s “family”

Since he was raised by his mother, it implies that he doesn’t know his father. (chapter 2) So we could say that he was abandoned by him. Interesting is that Soo-Young’s mother received the support from her brother, the so-called uncle. (chapter 2) However, I started doubting this fact for two reasons. First, I would like to point out that Soo-Young has never met his uncle since the beginning of the story. In fact, the latter informs the main lead through the mother (chapter 2) (chapter 18) or through the cell phone. (chapter 27) (chapter 23) There is no direct interaction between them. Moreover, observe that there is no picture of this relative. It was, as if he was a ghost. Additionally, the mother even asked her son to limit their communication. (chapter 18) Finally, Soo-Young stated that the uncle provided money to the mother (chapter 2), yet he never raised the nephew personally. He only shows concerns for his school career. Finally, the uncle doesn’t seem to have a family on his own. There is no wife or daughter. Yes, this character is really mysterious and ambiguous. Consequently, it dawned on me that Soo-Young could be an illegitimate son and the faceless “uncle” would be in reality his father. This would signify that the latter could never claim the main lead as his own son, for the mother was just a mistress. Another possibility is that the uncle is simply the “mother’s companion” and the boy is from a past relationship. Moreover, the fact that the “uncle” is slowly pushing away Soo-Young out of the house (chapter 2), asking him to live in a cheaper flat is really suspicious. The official reason is that he has become sick. (chapter 18) It was, as if he wanted to get rid of the boy… he was the burden. Thus I can’t help shaking the feeling that there is an ulterior motive behind the uncle’s generosity. Moreover, when Soo-Young was moving in his new apartment, none of the relatives were present. Only Tae Jihwan assisted him. The uncle faked his “support” by calling him. (chapter 27) Interesting that after listening to their conversation, Tae Jihwan asked him this: . (chapter 27) He utilized the idiom “parents”, because he thought that Soo-Young had been talking to his father. He had not paid attention to the name “uncle”. As you can see, “the uncle” is really suspicious. For me, he has always been the mother’s companion, but he hid his true identity by the title “uncle”.

As for the mother, she appears as distant and cold towards her son. So far, she has not visited her son’s new stay revealing her selfishness and indifference. What bothered me the most is that she criticized her son in front of Tae Jihwan. (chapter 23) He is not affectionate, he doesn’t confide to her. (chapter 23) At no moment she praised him. But the reality is that she is the one who pushed her son away, who drew a line… (chapter 2) She is the one who asked him to become detached and as such to become an adult (“steel yourself”). Thus I believe that her advice “put yourself first” was actually reflecting more her own thoughts. She is putting herself first in the end. Soo-Young is forced to be on his own. What we were witnessing is the gradual abandonment. This explicates why after getting almost raped, Soo-Young refused to call his family. (chapter 30). He has no one to lean on. Thus the concerns from the mother and uncle appear as superficial and fake, for they are more “empty words”. Their absence in his life is the evidence of their neglect and wrongdoings. They are monsters despite their sweet words, for they are “passive”, putting the whole responsibility on Soo-Young, while they are expecting to get something in return: (chapter 2) Why would the mother feel the need to say that the uncle was fond of him? It was to silence her own son so that the latter wouldn’t question their request. “He is fond of you” signifies that the main lead shouldn’t question the uncle’s request. Finally, I would like to outline that his generosity is limited, for he needs to pay him back later. In other words, it looks like Soo-Young is taking a loan from his so-called relative. Under this new light, it becomes comprehensible why the uke isolated himself and stopped relying on people. Because of his “family” and Gyujin (chapter 13) the protagonist learned the following lesson: there is nothing free in this world. Thus he started questioning Tae Jihwan’s assistance. (chapter 33) What does Tae Jihwan want from him? He wants sex! (chapter 22) The expression “fuck his brains out” are making the main lead look like a sex monster! 😉

3. Lim Gyujin’s mask

When this character was first introduced in the story, it becomes clear that there exists a secret between him and Soo-Young. (chapter 2) But the readers are left in the dark about the nature of their past relationship. It was, as if Soo-Young had been a victim of bullying and was coerced to live as an outcast. This panel illustrates his isolation perfectly. (chapter 2) However, the moment Guyjin witnesses the exchange of greetings between the two main leads (chapter 2), he stayed outside the classroom. Their brief interaction had caught Gyujin by surprise. He was left paralyzed. He.feels frightened, for he has the impression that Soo-Young could escape from his control. This explicates why later he approaches Soo-Young again (chapter 2) and portrays Soo-Young to Jihwan in a very bad light. (chapter 2) He desires to separate them. What caught my attention is that his words are actually reflecting his own personality. Gyujin has a good reputation among his peers, but his interaction with Soo-Young exposes that he can not be judged by his cover. This person is very manipulative, and not just with Soo-Young, but also with other school mates, like for example with Hyunwoo. The latter is envious of rich people, especially of Tae Jihwan. (chapter 1) Yet he was staying close to the main lead, for he could benefit from this relationship. The girls would approach him, for he was Jihwan’s friend and he got the opportunity to party without spending any money. However, the moment Gyujin noticed that the two protagonists got closer, he chose to use Hyunwoo as his pawn. On purpose, he criticized Hyunwoo in public by siding with Tae Jihwan (chapter 14) so that the latter would feel upset and betrayed by Tae Jihwan. (chapter 14) (chapter 14) By confronting him with the truth, he earned Hyunwoo’s trust. Gyujin utilized Hyunwoo’s resent towards Tae Jihwan to blackmail Soo-Young again. (chapter 21) Hyunwoo became his spy and that’s how he got the picture with the kiss. (chapter 20) Yes… this little monster is exactly like his mentor Gyujin, a hypocrite hiding behind social norms. Thus Hyunwoo condemns homosexuality. (chapter 21) and his mentor doesn’t object to this statement.

However, the hypocrite’s deceptive nature can be detected with the way he treated the uke. He noticed that Soo-Young was attracted to him and took advantage of him. (chapter 6) In this scene, the main lead didn’t desire to drink from the can, because it would have been like an indirect kiss. That’s how the antagonist realized the main lead’s sexual orientation. But like mentioned above, he forced the young boy to kiss him (chapter 21) and to do him a fellatio (chapter 6) But why did he act this way? One reason is that Soo-Young was rather innocent and passive. He discovered his sexual orientation rather late. (chapter 6) Moreover, Gyujin couldn’t control his urges. Besides, he felt that he had the upper hand, for he had been helping Soo-Young financially. (chapter 13) In other words, his generosity was not for free either. He desired something in return. This explicates why he was controlling the main character too. (chapter 6) And his negative attitude towards the uke becomes more obvious, when you compare his visit . (chapter 5) with Tae Jihwan’s. (chapter 10) Criticism after arriving unannounced versus no comment and planned visit. However, Gyujin was never perceived as a controlling and manipulative freak by his classmates. Why? It is because they met in secret. It was always after school. (chapter 5) (chapter 6) Observe that the classroom and the hallway were empty. Their encounters were limited in time and location: his house. (chapter 5) To conclude, their relationship remained a secret. No one in their class suspected that they were friends, for they were not interacting in the open. However, everything changed the moment Tae Jihwan joined Soo-Young’s class and the former greeted the uke. Because of this small interaction, Gyujin felt insecure and approached Soo-Young again and this was caught by Tae Jihwan. (chapter 2) That’s how the latter realized that they were “friends” which led him to ask for Gyujin’s help. (chapter 3) However, the latter couldn’t refuse so openly, for the true nature of their relationship was still a secret. On the other hand, this request pushed Gyujin to act behind the back of Tae Jihwan. That’s how his hypocrisy becomes more and more obvious. However, his hideous side reached a new peak, when he trespassed Soo-Young’s house in the middle of the night and tried to rape him. (chapter 35) He became a real criminal, thus he covered his face with a mask. So who is he in the end? For Tae Jihwan, he is a parasite (chapter 35), as he has been clinging onto the poor student while guilt-tripping him. According to Gyujin, Soo-Young used him to discover his sexual orientation. His hypocrisy, manipulations and hidden brutality make him look like a psychopath, or better said as someone suffering from Antisocial Personality Disorder. But he is not, in my eyes he is closer to someone suffering from NPD (Narcissistic Personality Disorder).

Even Tae Jihwan criticized him for his delusion. (chapter 22) To conclude, this character is an antagonist, but his monstrosity only comes to the surface, when it comes to Soo-Young.

4. Tae Jihwan: a psycho or a hero?

Right from the start, EZ presented the protagonist under a rather negative light. He mocked Soo-Young (chapter 1), then he forced him to smoke a cigarette (chapter 1). Finally, he had a rather enigmatic smile. (chapter 1) Thus the readers could only corroborate Soo-Young’s judgement about Tae Jihwan. (chapter 1) He was oozing danger and arrogance. We could say that he was introduced as a bad boy, for he arrived late on his first day. On the other hand, he was also described as a very good student. (chapter 1), thereby he got admitted to class 1, where all the students are hardworking. Another interesting aspect is that when he arrived late in the classroom, the schoolmates called him a psycho! However, only in episode 41, we discover that he is indeed suffering from Antisocial Personality Disorder. (chapter 41) But why is it only revealed so late? It is because the author desired the readers to get acquainted with him before discovering his illness. He should be judged based on his actions and not on this diagnosis. Through the two seasons, Tae Jihwan got the opportunity to act like the “knight in shining armor” towards Soo-Young. (chapter 33) First, Soo-Young got blackmailed and threatened by Gyujin and Hyunwoo with this picture: (chapter 20) Once the protagonist confronted his former “boyfriend” with reality (chapter 21), he got slapped. (chapter 21) That’s when Jihwan entered the room, a sign that he was waiting for the right time. With his entrance, he was able to turn the table to his advantage. (chapter 22) Then when Gyujin tried to rape Soo-Young, the main lead was able to arrive on time, for they had been talking over the phone. (chapter 35) This shows that Jihwan had not expected such an escalation. However, this night left deep scars on the uke’s heart and soul, therefore he feared Gyujin’s presence and Jihwan knew about this. (chapter 32) He chose to take advantage of the situation in order to have Gyujin expelled from school. And now, you comprehend why Jihwan smirked at the perpetrator! (chapter 32) It was to provoke his rival’s ire so that Gyujin would lose his temper and assault him. He had to let himself beat by the “rapist” so that the latter would get expelled. If he had retaliated or tried to protect himself, he would have been suspected. And this bring me to the following observation. Tae Jihwan has always been called a psycho, because his “illness” is not hidden. Thus Guyjin asked him this, when he got assaulted by Jihwan. (chapter 35) His mental disorder is no secret and is even circulating among the upper-class. In my opinion, it is related to this incident. When he was younger, he attempted to strangle a playmate, Han Do-Yoon. (chapter 41) But why did he do this? He described this as an urge, but when you see his smile directed at his father, (chapter 41), it becomes obvious that this action was against the father as well. He wanted to show him that he was his true son. (chapter 41) How so?

It is because Tae Seong-Jun had acted exactly like Gyujin. (chapter 39) With money, he had helped Choi Yoojin. However, this generosity was not for free. He wanted to obtain her love. He had coerced to marry him and to have a child with him. He imagined that if they had a child together, she would come to love the child and as such him. (chapter 39) Thus he made the promise to release her, once he had a child. He was hoping that time would be on his side. However, the opposite happened. The woman came to resent Tae Jihwan, as he was a constant reminder of the broken promise. Thus she strangled him on a regular basis. (chapter 39) Since the father knew that his love was not reciprocated, he imprisoned her. Since she was trapped, she got depressive and aggressive. The worst is that her son was the one who had to take care of his own mother. (chapter 39) His task was to deliver her medicine. And in order to justify her absence to others, Choi Yoojin was portrayed as a mentally sick person suffering from schizophrenia. (chapter 39) Seong-Jun hid his crimes behind rumors and deceptions, but his intelligent child was no fool. Yes, he is another monster, but I doubt that his new wife is aware of the true story. This situation escalated to this ultimate threat: (chapter 39) That’s the moment the mother chose to kill herself. (chapter 41) She cut her wrists in the bed, while her son was sleeping next to her. Tae Jihwan loved his mother despite her harsh treatment. It is perceptible, because he enjoyed sleeping next to her. (chapter 39) (chapter 39) And now, you comprehend why Tae Jihwan chose to provoke his father. (chapter 41) It was to expose his hypocrisy and lies. (chapter 40) At the same time, his action was like a reminder to the father. He would be tormented, each time he would see him. This explicates why the father doesn’t like meeting Tae Jihwan and he is already talking about sending him to the USA. He wants him to move out, for he feels his presence as a burden, the reminder of his failure. Let’s not forget that after Yoojin’s suicide, the father cried, 8chapter 41) but he totally neglected his son. (chapter 41) This shows that this child had never been the fruit of love, but a mean to control the mother. At the same time, the manhwaphiles can grasp why Tae Jihwan hates lies and hypocrisy more than anything else. (chapter 40) That’s the reason why he doesn’t consider people around him as friends. He knows that they are only interested in him because of his father and money. (chapter 2) Here, Gyujin invited himself to Tae Jihwan’s house. And the latter was not allowed to refuse. (chapter 2) One detail caught my attention is that his “acquaintances” sometimes call him “Taeji”! Tae is the father’s name. They want to be close to him because of his father. In other words, although he is surrounded by people, he is in reality a lonely person. He is in the same situation than Soo-Young in the end. He is abandoned too. (chapter 39) The scene with the abandoned cat is exposing that Tae Jihwan is not a cruel and violent person per se. He is capable of taking care of people, but by growing up in a toxic environment, he came to see “love” in a negative light. (chapter 39) Back then, he imagined other methods how to keep his mother by their side (chapter 39), but her suicide changed everything. (chapter 39) This made him realize his powerlessness. For me, her action taught him the following lesson: you can not force your love onto someone! This explicates why Jihwan is not coercing Soo-Young to kiss him (chapter 36) or to have sex with him. He wants to have his consent all the time. If the latter rejects his advances and caresses (chapter 25), he accepts his refusal. He gives him his free space. He is trying to move at his love interest’s space. The best illustration is visible in this panel: (chapter 27) He wants to live with Soo-Youngas roommates, but it is not to have sex with him immediately. Though he said this to Gyujin (chapter 22), he is controlling his urges. The cigarette at the beginning of the story was an indirect kiss. That’s why he smiled. On the other hand, he doesn’t want to share Soo-Young to others, though he still restrains himself. This means that the mother’s death affected Tae Jihwan a lot more than people could imagine. He learned the notion of consent, the cowardice and hypocrisy of so-called rich and normal people. And this brings me to this scene. (chapter 35) Tae Jihwan ruined Gyujin’s hand with the knife his mother used to cut her wrist. This shows that he was seeing his father in Gyujin. But was he a brutal monster here? Yes, because he did himself justice, he was violating the laws. (chapter 35) On the other hand, Gyujin didn’t get charged for the sexual assault on Soo-Young. (chapter 35) He had been expelled because of his assault on Jihwan. This explicates why Jihwan was so enraged, when he saw Gyujin in the streets. The latter could still move so freely, hence he could still try to approach Soo-Young. Since Gyujin’s father is quite influential and rich, (chapter ), there is no doubt that the latter would have been able to escape from punishment. Just like his father did… he trapped Yoojin, and even drugged her in order to keep her docile and no one intervened. Under this new light, it becomes comprehensible why Jihwan punished him so cruelly. He targeted his fingers, because the antagonist had put them into Soo-Young’s hole. (chapter 35) Jihwan couldn’t forget the uke’s fears and tears. (chapter 35) On the other hand, we shouldn’t overlook that Jihwan’s extreme action was actually supported by the father’s assistant, Mr. Jeong. (chapter 35) He was present, when Gyujin got wounded. He even obeyed the young master’s order, to fetch another tool. He was also present, when the mother got trapped and drugged. 8chapter 41) He was the helping hand of “monsters”. And this makes him a cruel person as well. His lies, participation and passivity are exposing that he plays a huge role in the misery of others. And this leads me to the following observation. Tae Jihwan is receiving the same medication than his own mother (chapter 37), a sign that he is not treated properly. Remember that her illness was described as “schizophrenia”. For me, this story is exposing that people shouldn’t be judged based on their reputation, social status or their “illness”. Jihwan is more an antihero, but since he helped Soo-Young so many times, he has been able to move his heart. Thus the latter started desiring to lean more on him. (chapter 28) Finally, in chapter 42, Tae Jihwan’s revelation about his past and mother (chapter 42) surprised Soo-Young. He was moved and got curious about Jihwan. (chapter 42) This scene is truly beautiful, because it exposes the huge contrast between Jihwan and his father. (chapter 39) Both are definitely obsessed with one person, but Jihwan chose to act the opposite from his role model: open space, no false promise, no blame… he is showing his vulnerability and not his power and wealth.

I hope that this essay about “The Edge Of Ambiguity” gave you the desire to read the Manhwa. And if this analysis is a success, then I will write about it again.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My Reddit-Instagram-Tumblr-Twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and for the support, particularly, I would like to thank all the new followers and people recommending my blog.

Jinx / Doctor Frost: Joo Jaekyung, a heinous 😈 child 👶 ? (10 pictures)

Please support the authors by reading the manhwas on the official websites. This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/jinx_en  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. Here are the links, if you are interested in the first work from Mingwa, BJ Alex,  https://bebebisous33analyses.com/2021/06/21/who-are-you-the-significance-of-masks-in-manhwas/  and  the previous essay about Jinx  Toxic sweet or sweet jerk? I am also using doctor Frost as reference again.  https://www.webtoons.com/en/mystery/dr-frost/list?title_no=371  Here is the link of the table of contents about JinxHere is the link where you can find the table of contents of analyzed manhwas

It would be great if you could make some donations/sponsoring: Ko-fi.com/bebebisous33  That way, you can support me with “coffee” so that I have the energy to keep examining manhwas. Besides, I need to cover up the expenses for this blog.

Once again after the release of chapter 12, many readers were upset because of Joo Jaekyung’s behavior. He was called many names, from a.**hole, mother****er to a psychopath. Why? It is because he desired to play with a sex toy for the first time, while the uke was already in bad shape. (chapter 12) He even felt pleasure, thus he didn’t pay attention to the bruise on the doctor’s back. (chapter 12) Due to his lack of sensibility, roughness and selfishness, people are already on the verge of dropping this story. Even the young doctor thought, that guy was crazy. (chapter 12) No average person would behave that way. Thus he was already stigmatized as lunatic and as such as psychopath. Hence in the first part, I will answer to this question.

1. Is Joo Jaekyung a psychopath?

1. 1. The psychopath and the psychologist

Actually, psychologists prefer avoiding this name, for it already contains a negative connotation. People have long connected it to serial killers. Why did the psychologists call this Antisocial Personality disorder? It is because (Doctor Frost, chapter 175) And this stands in opposition to the code of conduct of a psychologist. The word psychopath causes so many negative emotions like fears, rejection and hatred. On the other hand, the psychologist’s role is not only to detect the source of the problem, but also to offer a solution. This means that he is not allowed to let emotions cloud his judgement. (chapter 216) Moreover, the doctor has to show a certain understanding and empathy to the patient in front of him. And now, you are wondering why I am mentioning Doctor Frost again. It is because the protagonist was himself diagnosed as suffering from ASPD!! This diagnosis scared his parents so much that at the end, they started avoiding their own son. He was sent to a psychiatry. However, his doctor still believed that he had a chance to change. Thus he proposed a way to the young boy how to overcome his handicap!! He should study psychology so that he would come to “understand” the human mind. Because he was not capable to feel “emotions” like the others, he should utilize his mind to grasp them. Hence the more he studied the human mind, the more he was able to “understand” their problems. At the same time, the more he interacted with humans, the more he came to learn how to behave like a normal person. As you can see, “psychopath” is not even a death sentence. There’s still hope.

But now, I need to answer to this question. Is Joo Jaekyung suffering from ASPD? Here, I am mentioning a list of signs

Superficial Charm & Charisma, Unnecessary Cruelty or a Mean Streak, Lies, Exaggerations, & Dishonesty, Lack of Accountability & Playing the Blame Game, Need for Power, Control, & Dominance, Sadistic Enjoyment of Pain & Suffering, Boredom & Thrill-Seeking Behaviors, Disregard for Rules, Laws, & Norms, Detached, Cold & Callous Demeanor, A History of Childhood Behavior Problems, Exploitation of Others for Personal Gain, Calculated & Strategic Planning, A Lack of Conscience, Poor Attention Span & Loss of Interest, Violent Tendencies, Abuse, or Aggression, Hostile & Oppositional by Nature, Masters of Deception Quoted from https://www.choosingtherapy.com/signs-of-a-psychopath/

For me, Joo Jaekyung is not suffering from ASPD, because he is no master of deception. He is no pathological liar, he is not guilt-tripping Kim Dan. They had come to an agreement and he is sticking to it. Furthermore, he has no poor attention, since he is so dedicated to his job (chapter 12) and keeps an eye on the doctor constantly. His plan to “have” Kim Dan was poorly planned, for he kept waiting for a sign from him. At no moment, he even thought that the doctor could block him or keep his distance from him. (chapter 5) He doesn’t ooze charisma or superficial charm, for he never hides his strength and power. (chapter 1) He even shows disdain, or strong emotions like rage and annoyance. (chapter 5) To sum up, he is not detached. Finally, he was still able to feel a certain sympathy for the doctor (chapter 10), hence he brought him to his home. He still listened to his request.

I would like my readers to keep in mind that for me, the main lead has been suffering from Traumatic Brain Injury. [For more read the analysis Joo Jaekyung The strongest man in the world]. On the other hand, after reading episode 12, I came to the perception that Joo Jaekyung must have other psychological issues. Besides, the author admitted in an interview that she went to a psychological counseling in order to develop her characters.

1. 2. The psychologist and the champion

Observe what the protagonist from Doctor Frost said about the task of a psychologist: (Doctor Frost, chapter 216) The latter has to observe the patient and question why the person is behaving like that! What are his motivations? So why did Joo Jaekyung propose to try something new with Kim Dan?

Was it out of boredom? I don’t think so. Notice that he only thought of the toy, when the doctor was on his knees and made him the following offer. (chapter 11) This means that the athlete had never been able to use it before with his other sex partners. (chapter 12) All of them must have definitely refused… too scared! This explains why the athlete proposed alcohol to the doctor in the beginning. (chapter 12) Thus I deduce that the man had long this wish, but he could never outlive it. This displays his selfishness. This was not planned in the long run.

But since a human is not simple-minded, I don’t think that the sportsman only acted on this single motivation. Did he use the toy in order to see the physical therapist suffer? I can definitely refute this. First, the doctor admitted to himself that he was feeling “good” (chapter 12), which the main lead had detected either! (chapter 12) This exposes that during that night, the champion was paying more attention to his partner’s reactions contrary to the first night. He even asked him about his feelings (chapter 12), but the doctor refused to admit it. I consider it as an improvement to the first encounter! Besides, he even let the doctor rest after the first round, which he had not done during the first night. (chapter 12) As you can see, he was mindful to a certain extent. Naturally, it was not enough. However, since his words sounded so harsh and cold, the readers only noticed his lack of sensitivity. And if you read my previous essay, you are aware of the existence of the 4 sides-model. The athlete was voicing his frustration. He had enjoyed their last session so much that he wished to have more sex! Please… do something so that you have more stamina! 😉 This was his karma for giving him alcohol. From my point of view, he will never do it again. But to return to my main point, the readers can see, unnecessary cruelty and sadistic enjoyment can be ruled out validating one more time that he is not suffering from ASPD.

Did he desire to employ the toy to prove his dominance or power? Certainly! The man is obsessed with strength! I had already sensed the strong link between his libido and his fighting spirit. However, from my point of view, his wish is to be judged as a man who can provide pleasure! In other words, he would like to be perceived as the champion in bed! This explicates his obsession with Kim Dan in the end. It is because for the first time, he has a clear relationship with someone. It is defined by “money”. And this brings me to the next observation. In front of the bottom, the celebrity called his former partners “fuck buddies” (chapter 12) However, in episode 2, he had called his friend a whore. (chapter 12) How do we explain the discrepancy? It is because deep down, the seme always had the impression that they were more interested in his wealth and fame than in himself. He never trusted them, he believed them to be hypocrites who would offer him presents in exchange for a favor. And now, you have another explanation why Joo Jaekyung is already obsessed with Kim Dan. Their relationship is based on “honesty”. The champion knows that the young physician is only sleeping with him due to his money. But if the doctor came to admit his pleasure right away, the athlete would have the impression that his skills in bed are quite impressive. That’s the reason why when the uke confessed that he hated it (chapter 12), the champion misunderstood the message. (chapter 12) In his mind, he needs to do more so that the young man admits pleasure. However, this relationship is actually based on a lie. Kim Dan deceived his partner by telling him that he was experienced!! This is important, because each objection from the doctor is perceived as a personal rejection. (chapter 12) He wants money and offers his body for sex… yet each time Joo Jaekyung wants to do something, he refuses or makes a remark. That’s the reason why the athlete has to bring up the added condition. Besides, the athlete believes that the young man has always “had sex” for money, therefore he needs to distinguish himself from others. Technically, the doctor could go elsewhere… That’s how Joo Jaekyung thinks! To conclude, I believe that the champion sees the young doctor as a challenge. And as long as the physician doesn’t rectify this lie, the champion will keep misunderstanding the situation. This exposes Joo Jaekyung’s innocence and simplemindedness. He is not able to detect lies or manipulations from Kim Dan validating my diagnosis that he is not suffering from ASPD. For him, the bruises are from a fall, because he trusts his words. That’s the end of the explanation.

But why is he so obsessed with strength then? He hates to be perceived as weak and vulnerable. (chapter 12) His words expose his anxieties. He is trying to hide his mental problems. His physical force serves to hide his secret mental problems. And we have another example of his obsession to mask his vulnerability. Why did the champion provoke Kim Dan by calling him „delicate“? (Chapter 9) He was giving the impression that he was like everyone else. He was appearing strong and healthy. That way he was diverting attention from his abstinence. Note that Kim Dan never asked him to drink. Joo Jaekyung created the illusion that he could drink like everyone else. But he can‘t. Thus in the flat, he just gave a glass to the doctor without drinking it himself. (Chapter 12) Here he acted the same way by pointing out that the doctor was quite the drinker. Imagine the irony, from delicate the physical doctor became a heavy drinker. 😂

2. Manhood and responsibility

What caught my attention is that the athlete compared his partner to a child. (chapter 12) In my eyes, this statement displayed his true thoughts. Inwardly, he is still a child. He has no idea about the worth of things, hence he imagined that Kim Dan had spend 14k in a week for booze! Because of his cheerful expression and exterior, Kim Dan even had a false perception of the toy. (chapter 12) Thus I came to the conclusion that the doctor’s statement is the biggest lie: Joo Jaekyung is not the strongest man in the world, rather a child.

Thus the champion doesn’t act like a responsible person. Notice that he never cleaned his partner after their first round. (chapter 12) The semen is still leaking. It was the same after the sex in the shower. This explains why after their first encounter Kim Dan was so sick. He had no idea what he had to afterwards, and since the athlete thought that the man was no longer a virgin, he envisioned that he knew what he had to do. At the same time, this attitude displays his lack of responsibility. Like a child, he believes that money can solve everything. But he is on his way for a huge awakening.

I have to admit that while reading chapter 12, I constantly saw him as a child. For me, his facial expressions oozes a certain innocence (chapter 12) He is not able to control his exterior.(chapter 12) He is like a child trapped in a man’s body. Here, he was somehow showing off to Kim Dan, like a huge child who was seeking for recognition and admiration. he (chapter 12) Striking is that here he was actually projecting his own thoughts onto the athlete. This displays his incapability to perceive people correctly. He is lacking social skills. Some manhwaphiles criticized the author for such a drawing! The phallus was much too big, this could not be not normal at all. But you have to think that Mingwa drew it from Kim Dan’s perspective. That’s the reason why the poor doctor associated it to a weapon. (chapter 12) That’s how he felt: it was so huge… This childish behavior also explains why he didn’t see the danger of such a sex session with a sick person. And according to my research about Traumatic Brain Injury, it is not abnormal that a patient suffering from TBI starts acting like a teenager or a child.

On the other hand, I believe that there exists another reason. His home is totally sterile. (chapter 6) Analyzing a home of a a person can give us clue about his personality. (doctor frost, chapter 8) There is no trace of his family. Why? This is a sign that he is not close to them. Secondly, I couldn’t help myself thinking of the importance of the parents. The latter serve as a mirror to the child, (doctor Frost, chapter 8) (Doctor frost, chapter 8) This would explain on the one hand Joo Jaekyung’s self-centerness and his desire to obtain fame and recognition. He is compensating the lack of love and sympathy from his relatives. And just because he is “swimming” in money, we shouldn’t judge to the conclusion that he had a happy childhood either. The only adults and role models he has so far are his manager and coach Jeong Yosep. (chapter 5) And note that he listens to them, indicating that he is trusting them a lot. That’s the reason why I am even now envisioning that the main lead could have been neglected by his wealthy family.

Affluent neglect refers to the neglect experienced by children in wealthy families. Often, neglect in wealthier families can be more difficult to spot, as the type of neglect experienced by children and young people in these circumstances is often emotional. […] In wealthy families, it can be the case that parents work long hours, leaving children in the care of paid carers. This can create an emotional disconnect and leave children feeling lonely, with their emotional needs unfulfilled by their parents. It has also been suggested that as well as not spending quality time with their children, affluent parents may put a high amount of pressure on their children to succeed academically, which can sometimes lead to psychological and emotional problems for children. Quoted from https://www.thesafeguardingcompany.com/resources/blog/affluent-neglect/

And the consequences of neglect are multiple and disastrous.

1. Disrupts the ways in which children’s brains develop and process information, increasing the risk for attentional, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.

2. Alters the development of biological stress-response systems, leading to greater risk for anxiety, depression, cardiovascular problems, and other chronic health impairments later in life.

3. Correlates with significant risk for emotional and interpersonal difficulties, including high levels of negativity, poor impulse control, and personality disorders, as well as low levels of enthusiasm, confidence, and assertiveness.

4. Is associated with significant risk for learning difficulties and poor school achievement, including deficits in executive function and attention regulation, low IQ scores, poor reading skills, and low rates of high school graduation. Quoted from https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/deep-dives/neglect/

And now, you would have another explanation why the sportsman has a poor vocabulary and keeps using “fuck”. Imagine this idiom is employed for pleasure (chapter 12) and for annoyance. (chapter 12) Under this new light, the manhwalovers can grasp why Joo Jaekyung didn’t study and chose to use his “body” to get recognition and admiration. Besides, this can only reinforce my interpretation that the young man is suffering from psychological problems.

Some manhwalovers might have the impressions that I am excusing the protagonist’s behavior by giving explanations for his behavior. However, this is not my intention. In reality, my desire is that people should continue viewing Joo Jaekyung as a human. By calling him a psychopath, he is turned into a monster, the beginning of hate speech! A sign for intolerance. By doing so, people are missing the author’s intention: a classic BL story. The seme can be considered as a normal person despite his mental issues. She has definitely planned his transformation which is already occurring. The champion allowed the doctor to sleep in the bed again. He only woke him up, because it was time to go to work. (chapter 12) This just shows that he takes his job and career very seriously. He truly believes that Kim Dan’s bruise on the face is due to a fall. Moreover, since Joo Jaekyung is suffering from insomnia, he can not understand what a normal night and sleep is.

Under this new approach, I realized why the main lead was so obsessed with his masculinity. If my theory about Affluent neglect is correct, then he used sexuality to compensate his neglect. Since he was neglected as a child, he thought that if he acted like a real man (a lot of sex), he would be finally noticed and admired. Because he never experienced warmth, kisses and embraces, he is rough while having sex. He has never experiencing it himself. At the same time, such people are mistrusting adults, hence he keeps his distance from people, except his manager and coach. Why? It is because through the admonishing, the young man is sensing that he is taken seriously. So what will Joo Jaekyung do now? I doubt that he will call the ambulance or bring him to the emergency. From my point of view, he will call someone! We have two possibilities: the vicious hospital director or his coach Park Namwoo. That’s how a child would react! Ask the adult for help! Besides, the author left us the following clue: (chapter 1) The champion confides to him certain secrets and lets him clean up the mess. However, since the coach likes Kim Dan very much, Joo Jaekyung will receive a huge scolding from his surrogate father. And before closing this analysis, I would like to add two important aspects: Kim Dan’s role is to teach Joo Jaekyung to become responsible and as such to act as a real adult. Thus he received this task from his manager: (chapter 9) He needs to recognize that masculinity and manhood shouldn’t be reduced to sex, but to maturity. Secondly, since he associates strength with health, I believe that the halmoni’s sickness will open his eyes. She might be ill and weak, she can still speak up and tell her mind without fear! Finally, since the champion is bothered by the doctor’s lack of stamina, I have the impression that he could decide to train Kim Dan! He shouldn’t just stand there, but also develop his muscles. Like I have already mentioned before, sports will be the reason why the two protagonists will get closer! As a conclusion, the protagonist is not evil in my eyes, he is just an uneducated child who definitely needs some good scolding.

As you can see, I still love this story! Why? It is because Joo Jaekyung reminds me a lot of Yoon Seungho who was called many names too in the beginning… Hence I decided to write about him on my blog in order to change this perception! That’s how I started writing about BL manhwas. 😉

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My Reddit-Instagram-Tumblr-Twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and for the support, particularly, I would like to thank all the new followers and people recommending my blog.

Painter Of The Night / The Beast Must Die: The Joker – part 3 (second version)

This is where you can read the manhwas. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter   The Beast Must Die: https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/beast_en  But be aware that these manhwas are mature Yaois, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

So far, I had compared Min to a snake, a wolf, a crow and a magpie, however my analysis of this character didn’t do him any justice. The moment I recognized the affinities between Min and The Joker, I came to realize the lord’s true personality. He doesn’t just want to replace the main lead as the new alpha among the nobles, more importantly he takes pleasure in ruining friendships and as such causing pain to others. As a conclusion, I noticed that he enjoys destruction. Therefore I stated in the first part that Min had a nihilistic mindset:

“In philosophy, nihilism is the complete rejection of moral values and religious beliefs. It is such a negative outlook that it denies any meaning or purpose in life.” https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/nihilism#:~:text=In%20philosophy%2C%20nihilism%20is%20the,existing%20political%20and%20social%20institutions.

Due to this association with The Joker, I had the following realization: lord Min seems to suffer from a mental disorder, and to be more accurate, from an Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). The distinction between “sociopath” or “psychopath” is here more or less irrelevant because in the end, the specialists always diagnose such patients as a person suffering from ASPD. Then if you make some research about The Joker’s personality, you will discover that even psychologists and psychiatrists tried to determine his mental issues, that’s how fascinating this supervillain is.

Here, the author Arash Javanbakht M. D. is referring to the character from the movie Joker (2019)

But what caught my attention is that The Joker’s mental disorder changes according to the stories, like the author Scott A. Bonn Ph. D. pointed out. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/wicked-deeds/201911/is-the-joker-psychopath Therefore, it is important to determine the identity of The Joker I am referring to. I have to admit that since Min’s behavior reminds me more of The Joker from The Dark Knight, that’s how I came to the diagnosis of an Antisocial Personality Disorder. If you read the article mentioned above, the author confirms that The Joker’s profile (The Dark Knight, 2008) does fit the characteristics of a psychopath. But since our topic is Min’s personality, it is relevant to describe the symptoms of such a mental disorder. I am just quoting the following symptoms from two websites, other sites showed similar info:

  • socially irresponsible behavior
  • disregarding or violating the rights of others
  • inability to distinguish between right and wrong
  • difficulty with showing remorse or empathy
  • tendency to lie often
  • manipulating and hurting others
  • recurring problems with the law
  • Hostility, significant irritability, agitation, aggression or violence
  • general disregard towards safety and responsibility (quoted from) https://www.healthline.com/health/psychopath#signs /

And when you compare this to Min’s behavior, you’ll notice the similarities which I will outline now. First, he breaks laws and social norms without feeling remorse (chapter 52). Then he violates the rights of his host in chapter 43, when he proposes the assassination. Since this is not Min’s pavilion, this means that his friend’s house is transformed into a conspiracy place. This will play a huge part in the future, as I am anticipating a purge. At another party, he violates again the rights of his host by mocking and insulting him: chapter 52, 53 54 . I could also add that he disregards the painter by suggesting his murder (43, 56) or by treating him like a sex object (chapter 33/52). Moreover, he often lies (chapter 36 , chapter 43 . All these examples expose that he manipulates his surroundings constantly. He influences Jihwa by giving him the idea of the murder (chapter 43, chapter 56 ). He pressures Yoon Seungho to bring the artist to their party so that he can taste him (chapter 33, chapter 52). Observe that although Black Heart is often seen with other aristocrats (chapter 8, chapter 33 chapter 43, chapter 52), he doesn’t care about them. In fact, he uses them for his own benefit. Remember that he took the opium from his acquaintance (chapter 52). Then he ruined his “friend”‘s party by causing a ruckus, while the other wanted to have some discreet fun. I would even say, he manipulates the masses by making requests, which the other nobles can’t truly reject. Note that neither in chapter 33 nor in 52, the aristocrats stopped Black Heart from talking and even supported his request: the main lead should bring the commoner to their sex party. As a conclusion, he uses his influence over the other aristocrats to get what he desires: have sex with the painter. This displays his true power as manipulator. No one is capable to stop him, not even Yoon Seungho, the alpha king among the local aristocracy. (chapter 52). This is understandable, as during that night, Yoon Seungho was totally vulnerable and tried to hide his weak disposition with his clothes.

And now you understand why Min enjoys being in Yoon Seungho’s company. If he is capable to manipulate the main lead, then Black Heart will consider it as a proof that he is far superior to the main lead, whom he considers similar to him. That’s the reason why he told his acquaintances that Yoon Seungho was so easy to understand. (chapter 52) This explains why Black Heart continues targeting the main lead with his tricks (chapter 52/53/54). Not only he simply can’t get enough, but also he is determined to prove his supremacy. The manhwaphiles comprehend now why in chapter 66, Min even visits directly the protagonist’s mansion on his own indicating that he has been keeping an eye on Yoon Seungho. Observe that for the first time, he comes alone, unlike in chapter 8 and 52. He must have heard about the painter’s disappearance and desires to witness Yoon Seungho’s pain. For him, this would represent the best proof of his skill as manipulator. But to his disappointment, Baek Na-Kyum is not dead. This mask exposes his lack of empathy and his joy for imagining that the main lead is suffering (“difficulty with showing remorse or empathy“). Since his plan failed, he is disappointed. Therefore he enters Yoon Seungho’s mansion. However, pay attention to the last picture which indicates that Min is thinking about Jihwa and his disobedience. The red-haired noble didn’t act like planned. In my perspective, his thoughts indicate that Min will make Jihwa pay for his “disobedience”. At the same time, I believe that Min is already thinking about his next move, this is the other reason why he enters the main lead’s house without a proper invitation (a new version of chapter 12). This image serves as another evidence for his continuous disregard for social norms. And this chapter 66 represents a turning point in my opinion, as it exposes Min’s impulsiveness to the best. Since he didn’t get Yoon Seungho’s defeat by afflicting pain on him, he needs to cause another uproar and inflict pain on Jihwa, who didn’t follow his “order”. Note that Black Heart just reversed the roles, showing that he doesn’t care who wounds whom. His main focus is pain. By revealing the secret, Black Heart is hoping that Yoon Seungho will retaliate against his childhood friend because of the kidnapping.

Striking is that the author zooms on the character’s mouth and chin, revealing that Min has the intention to hurt Jihwa through the main lead. I noticed a certain pattern: Byeonduck always focused on Min’s mouth each time Min envisioned to hurt someone. Remember this panel from the episode 53:

This was just before the character kissed Baek Na-Kyum. The zoom on his mouth was announcing Min’s mischief. He had planned to irritate the host and desired to annul the painter’s action. The artist’s embrace had stopped the “vengeful ghost, the beast”. But Black Heart wanted the main lead to continue with his violent and irrational behavior in order to be entertained. Note the contradiction between his words (“not the sort to stop simply because someone asks you to”) and his action: he doesn’t ask anyone but steals a kiss from Baek Na-Kyum while separating both protagonists. Hence I come to the conclusion that for Black Heart, the commoner had been a killjoy in that scene. And now, it makes perfect sense why Min chose Jihwa as his pawn in the end. He had witnessed how the latter could turn Yoon Seungho into a “monster” and found it so entertaining and funny that he decided to recreate the same situation. This observation explicates why Yoon Seungho put Jihwa and Min in the same bag in chapter 57. Min knew how to provoke the main lead thanks to Jihwa.

But let’s return our attention to Min’s mischievous plan. Observe that in chapter 66, he is doing the same thing again: He says the exact opposite of his true thoughts. While begging for the protagonist’s mercy, he is hoping for the opposite reaction. However, his plan can’t work like in chapter 53 because of the painter’s presence. The reason for this is simple. The lord is embracing the unconscious commoner underlining the importance of the hug. Although Baek Na-Kyum is unconcious here, just his presence is now strong enough to stop Yoon Seungho from getting violent and enraged. Baek Na-Kyum is so vulnerable that the lord can only focus on him, whereas it was the opposite in chapter 53. In other words, this episode marks Min’s defeat. He is not able to manipulate Yoon Seungho like in the past and the painter represents his antidote.

And now, you are wondering why I consider this episode as an evidence for Min’s impulsiveness. It is related to the guardian and Deok-Jae’s death. Min is not aware that a servant among the main lead’s staff has already been killed, therefore he doesn’t realize the consequence of his revelation. Min’s thoughts are always revolving around entertainment and ruckus, hence he doesn’t pay attention to details. He has no idea of the consequences of his intervention. We could already perceive his impulsiveness in chapter 52 , when he revealed himself the planned assassination in front of Baek Na-Kyum. However, back then he wasn’t caught, as neither the painter nor the powerful protagonist paid attention to his words. And instead of learning from his mistakes (f. ex. the murder didn’t occur like planned or the punches he received from the main lead for his provocations), he continues irritating Yoon Seungho. He notices that the latter is no longer denying his feelings in front of him, hence he can’t humiliate him like in chapter 54. Consequently he has to search for another trigger in order to provoke the owner of the mansion. But here, he fails again, as the artist is more important than Jihwa’s wrongdoing. Yoon Seungho is already more focused on his own misdeeds, the afflicted abuse on the painter: the violent sex marathon, the insults and the sequestration. Consequently he has no time for his uninvited guest. He ignores him and leaves him behind, but this won’t do for Min, hence he unveils a secret: Jihwa’s participation. But he fails again, as Yoon Seungho is only seen with the following reaction: Since the chapter 66 stands in opposition to the episodes 53/54, it becomes obvious that the main lead will react differently. He won’t act on his emotions, he learned his lesson due to the painter. He punished the commoner, although the latter was innocent, too blinded by his rage and pain. That’s why I think, we should consider the chapter 66 as Min’s ultimate defeat.

Another affinity to the symptoms for psychopathie is that Min shows a disregard for safety and responsibility. First, he was willing to provoke the protagonist, although he saw that the noble had almost killed a servant with his beating. He chose to irritate him again, risking his own life. That’s why he got slapped so violently that the door was destroyed. But note that Black Heart didn’t feel any pain and showed no tears, instead he started laughing and showed pleasure. But even after receiving the slap, he continued provoking the host thereby the main lead started punching him so many times. Yet at no moment, he asked the lord to stop from hurting him, he kept laughing. However, there exists another explanation why Min kept provoking Yoon Seungho. But this aspect will be elaborated later.

And now there’s only one symptom left from the list: “Hostility, significant irritability, agitation, aggression or violence“. So far, we never saw Min becoming irritable or violent, which explains why I didn’t even realize myself his true personality: he is a psychopath. But if you pay attention to my previous observations, you’ll notice a certain MO. He just uses his pawns to hurt others and enjoys seeing people aggressive and in pain. From my perspective, Min will never employ force directly, but prefers using people in order to voice his hostility and aggression. He will never dirty his hands, which stands in opposition to the Korean Batman, Nameless. Yet this doesn’t mean, Black Heart isn’t aggressive at all, quite the opposite. I will name two examples in order to prove my interpretation. Note that Min manipulates Jihwa to have the painter killed soon after Yoon Seungho humiliated Black Heart in the woods. (chapter 41) Don’t forget that he calls the vicious man “a mouse”, a real insult to someone who sees himself as superior and talented. Then the night after the beating, Min waits for Jihwa in front of his house and urges Jihwa to murder the painter. However, this time he adds that he wants to taste the painter before and note that here, he is mentioning the punches he received from Yoon Seungho. As the manhwaphiles can detect, Min is here retaliating against the main lead for hurting him. He will make him suffer much more: not only he will lose the commoner, but also the latter will get raped: a double affront. However, just like before, he prefers using the childhood friend so that he can avoid to take any responsibility. If something happens, then only Jihwa will pay for this. We should remember that Min never wrote anything concerning a crime. The idea he proposed was at his friend’s place, and the idea of the rape was also mentioned on the street with no witness.

In the last panel, his smile made me think even more of The Joker than before. He takes pleasure in inciting crimes and imagining people in pain. And now, if you recall The Joker’s behavior in The Dark Knight, you’ll note some similarities. He wants to prove to Batman that even good men can turn into criminals. The Joker is the reason why the famous prosecutor Harvey Dent turns into Two-Face, because he wants to denounce the hypocrisy of Gotham society and its rules. That’s why The Joker keeps breaking laws and committing crimes. He abhors society and its norms, hence he is determined to destroy it. And now, you understand why Min chose Jihwa as his pawn and target in the end. He knew that Jihwa could trigger Yoon Seungho’s violence, he was determined to prove that he could turn a rather innocent man into a criminal.

Furthermore, after reading the following quote,

“When psychopaths view others as prey, their lack of feeling and bonding to others allows them to have unusual clarity in observing the behavior of their intended victims. As demonstrated by the Joker in The Dark Knight, psychopaths are unencumbered by the anxieties and emotions that normal people experience in interpersonal encounters. This is because psychopaths are unable to form emotional attachments or feel real empathy with others, although they often have disarming or even charming personalities.” https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/wicked-deeds/201911/is-the-joker-psychopath

the manhwalovers will notice that Min considered Yoon Seungho as his prey very early on. In my opinion, this conversation played a huge part in his decision: Min realized the importance of knowledge. Jihwa knew his friend well, hence he was able to awake the “beast” in the main lead. Besides, he could notice that Jihwa had an immense influence on the main character. He could wound him, yet the latter wouldn’t cut ties with him. Note that in that scene, Min never said a word, yet he was observant and realized that Yoon Seungho had a weakness: “in the most wretched of states”. That’s why he chose to get closer to the protagonist, willing to become an uke, if it was necessary for his plan. He needed to discover more about his prey and the best place was to get closer to Jihwa and Yoon Seungho, slowly and silently exactly like a snake. However, I believe, the real war between the two semes started in chapter 41, which caught my attention during the first season. The hand on the main character’s waist was a sign that the psychopath planned to “screw” the main character. (chapter 41) Not only he showed his desire to submit Yoon Seungho, but also he acted, as if he was superior to him. He asked questions and even criticized the main character for his behavior: he was creating a ruckus, exposing his hypocrisy, as Black Heart loves uproar.

After showing point after point that Min’s personality shows many signs of ASPD, it is important to understand the real nature of this mental disorder. After comparing him to The Joker and reading the first part of this essay, you have the impression that people suffering from ASPD are all criminals and they are potential serial killers. However, it is not true, because this mental disorder doesn’t necessarily mean that the affected person is a killer. If you pay attention to Min’s words, he keeps talking about fun and scandal. This observation leads me to the following explanation: The Arousal Theory of Motivation. This psychological conception tries to elaborate what stimulates people.

“Each person has a unique arousal level that is right for them. When our arousal levels drop below these personalized optimal levels, we seek some sort of stimulation to elevate them.” https://www.verywellmind.com/the-arousal-theory-of-motivation-2795380

Since Min keeps seeking entertainment, it shows that he is a person with an abnormally low arousal. Therefore he needs strong stimuli, like violence and attention. And now, you understand first why Min is often seen in company with other nobles. He needs to attract their attention, hence he challenges Yoon Seungho in chapter 33 or in 52. It is the same on the street, when he smokes the opium so openly. It occurs at his friend’s place as well (chapter 43). Notice that he is the one who talks the most and proposes the murder. What caught my attention is that despite the objections from one noble and Min’s friend, the vicious man is able to give a whole speech why Jihwa should have the artist eliminated. No one stops him talking, indicating his skills as orator but more importantly this displays that he likes being in the center of the attention. However, as you can imagine, attention is not enough for him. He needs stronger stimuli than just admiration. He feels the urge to see pain and blood. And this made me think of the other manhwa entitled “The Beast Must Die” written by Lee Hyeon-Sook.

Striking is that we have in the image the same topics: Joker/card, mask and blood. And this is naturally no coincidence, as the protagonist is a psychopath too, in other words, another Joker.

In this manhwa, the main character Lee Ki-Rin approaches the rich but mysterious student Kang Moo. His reason is his thirst for revenge. His sister Lee Seorin was a victim of a gang rape, but since the perpetrators were never prosecuted, the sister killed herself out of despair. The culprits were students coming from wealthy and influential families and members of an organization called “secret fraternity”. Because Lee Kirin had no idea about the identities of the culprits and only knew that they belonged to that “secret fraternity”, he decided to get close to Kang Moo in order to investigate and get revenge for his sister’s death. While Lee Ki-Rin believes, he is manipulating Kang Moo, the readers can quickly realize that the opposite is happening. Kang Moo is the one who let Lee Kirin approach him in the end. What Lee Kirin doesn’t know is that Kang Moo is a psychopath. The latter has always hidden his mental illness in front of people. Even the members from that “club” had no idea except Lim Joohyuk. There’s a reason for that. When he killed a dog for the first time as a child, he saw his mother’s rejection and disgust. Striking is the importance of the gaze again. As a child, the boy sensed his mother’s negative judgement and rejection. However, this incident didn’t stop him to lose his “urge” for blood. Therefore he started to have hobbies like collecting dead bodies, taking pictures of dead creatures and even hunt. As you can detect, in that story Kang Moo has an abnormal low arousal and needed stronger stimuli, as time passed on. This reminds us of Min who keeps looking for entertainment and commotion. Note that Min’s violence has gradually increased: from sex as a symbol for fight, he went to a verbal challenge (chapter 33/41), then it escalated to a murder (43), then to a beating and gangrape (52/53) and finally to a combination of murder and rape (56). And in The Beast Must Die, the protagonist is well aware of the consequences of his behavior. If he killed someone, he would ruin his life. (chapter 32) The manhwaphiles can sense the similarity in the vocabulary: for Min, it is fun/entertainment, while Kang Moor keeps talking about “pleasure”. Since Kang Moo recognized the repercussions of a murder, he chose to fight against it contrasting to Min’s attitude. And there’s reason for that: Min’s social status and historical period. The latter is a noble and can use his superiority to hurt commoners and even break laws, because aristocrats are not prosecuted like low-borns. Secondly, I believe that his family and his surroundings played a huge role. Observe that the nobility is portrayed as corrupt and decadent. Besides, the manhwalovers should remember that Min’s MO is to manipulate others, therefore it reveals that the character had found a way out how to outlive his “urge and need”. He could commit small wrongdoings, as he knew that he wouldn’t get punished for this. But if he had to hurt another noble, he had to use someone else. And this exposes the similarities between Kang Moo and Min. Both are well aware that certain things are not allowed, yet they try to find a different way to move around the rules and laws.

Striking is that Kang Moo never committed a crime, until Lee Seorin committed suicide. She was the trigger for him to change his behavior. While he claims in front of his future victim that she was just an excuse, (chapter 32) the readers shouldn’t take his words as face-value. In my opinion, he felt a similar emotion than Lee Kirin (revenge), because Lee Seorin was the first person who showed understanding and no rejection, when he removed his mask and revealed his true personality. (chapter 33) . What caught my attention is that Kang Moo is voicing his fear indicating that he was well aware of his own mental issues. Moreover, it also outlines his despair… he desired to escape from this, but didn’t know how to. Lee Seorin comprehended Kang Moo’s anxiety, therefore she tried to encourage him not to give up, by supporting him that he could continue maintaining a normal life, if he truly wanted it. And now, you grasp why Kang Moo snapped, when he heard about the circumstances of her death. It was his club that was responsible for her suicide. Naturally, when Lee Kirin asks him if he loved his sister, the psychopath can’t answer that question, since he is unable to grasp his emotions. (chapter 34). However, there’s no doubt that the protagonist had an affection for Lee Kirin’s sister. I believe to perceive an evidence of his attachment to her, when he mentions the suffering of a victim of gang rape. (chapter 56) Sure, in this scene he is threatening Mr. Jang to organize a gang rape on Mrs. Hong’s daughter, because the man with the glass was also menacing his lover Lee Kirin. Yet, the fact that he mentioned such a crime indicates that he didn’t forget the crime Lee Seorin suffered from and he could understand her pain. And there’s another proof that Kang Moo is not truly emotionless. It becomes even more obvious that he loves the main lead too. It is shown in two different occasions. First, he states that he will never let Lee Kirin go. (chapter 34) And latter, he requests from his lover to help him to “stop the beast inside him”. That’s his love confession, although Kang Moo doesn’t truly comprehend the true signification of his words. At some point, he begins to grasp that he has changed and is relying more on Lee Kirin which makes him nervous. This shows that Kang Moo has some problems to accept his love for Lee Kirin. However, this manhwa truly indicates that a person suffering from ASPD is capable to live a normal life and to feel love, even if this patient is not expressing it in the normal way. Furthermore, in this story, Kang Moo tries to use others in order to dirty less his own hands so that the members from “secret fraternity” kill each other indicating that this is not just to enjoy pleasure. Let’s not forget that at the same time, he helps a friend who is getting abused by her fiancé. So he is not a serial killer per se. He is determined to punish “scums” while committing crimes. Yet he believes that he uses revenge as an excuse. To sum up, the story is not just about a psychopath following his urges to kill, but rather the battle of a psychopath who struggled to lead a normal life, but gave in the moment he lost the person who supported him.

As you can sense, I like this story, because the real villain of this story is not the abnormal one, but the ones who are supposed to be mentally sane and normal. The secret fraternity was perverted by one member so that the 5 members started committing crimes and never got punished. (chapter 1). Here, they hunt someone for fun. Besides, I would like to mention here the k-drama “It’s Okay not to be okay” with Kim Soo-Yun and Seo Yea-Ji. In this terrific drama, the main lead is a famous writer suffering from ASPD and the so-called normal people are actually portrayed in a rather negative way as well: they insult, exclude and hurt the persons suffering from a disorder or disability. This shows that authors in South Korea are trying to change the image about mental disorders and plead for more understanding and open-mindedness. In “The Beast Must Die” and “It’s Okay Not To Be Okay”, the characters help people to comprehend that the boundary between normality and abnormality is thin and I would even say, illusory. Lee Kirin desired to get revenge, yet he doesn’t feel sorry for the death of the culprits, but no one is questioning him. It becomes a different story, when a psychopath is involved. The detective will do anything to catch Kang Moo, but finds excuses for Lee Kirin. But observe that he is not diagnosed as a psychopath. As you can sense, there’s here a double standard. Normal people even call for violence and revenge due to their anger and pain, that’s why there’s still death penalty in so many countries. As a conclusion, being diagnosed as a psychopath doesn’t mean that they are no human and people should treat the patient like a monster. Being excluded from society is not the correct answer, like Kang Moo sensed it. He felt the condemnation in his parents’ gaze hence he felt abandoned and lonely.

And now, you understand why Black Heart is often surrounded by people and is even close to the noble with the mole. I believe, he sensed that he was different, but he could never reveal his true self. This explains why his friendship with the noble with the mole was so calm and so harmonious. Hence Jihwa expressed his admiration for their relationship. But their relationship was in reality fake, because Min could never remove his mask. His friend might have sensed his lies and his “Black Heart”, nonetheless I doubt that Min truly confessed his true thoughts in front of the aristocrat with the mole. Moreover, their bond changed the moment Min met the painter. For the first time, Black Heart was attracted, hence he looked at Baek Na-Kyum, while having sex with Yoon Seungho. Furthermore, he saw genuine attraction in the painter’s gaze because of Yoon Seungho. Let’s not forget that Min considered the protagonist as a person similar to him. The commoner was not attracted due to his power or wealth but by the person himself… meaning that he didn’t care about his bad reputation and bad habits. That’s how Min got fascinated by the artist. Since he saw the pure desire in Baek Na-Kyum’s eyes during the intercourse (chapter 8), the aristocrat imagined that he could get the same gaze, if he had sex with the painter. And that’s how the love triangle started. He wished to be gazed like Yoon Seungho was. since he viewed such a pure gaze, while the protagonist was having sex, Min associated the painter’s stare to sex. This explicates why the former is so obsessed with sex and keeps desiring to taste the artist (chapter 33, 52, 56). He couldn’t forget that gaze. I can imagine that he must have called it an obsession, which is an idiom Kang Moo utilized to describe Lee Seorin’s affection for her brother. With this approach, it becomes comprehensible why Min tells Jihwa that Yoon Seungho has been bewitched by Baek Na-Kyum. In reality, he is describing his own thoughts. In other words, he is projecting his own thoughts into the protagonist. He explains his desire and obsession with witchcraft, because he feels vulnerable. That’s his way to confess his love in my opinion. Just like Kang Moo, he can’t say these words (“I love you”), as he has no idea what he feels and what love is. With this interpretation, it becomes comprehensible why Min suggested the painter’s murder in the end. If he can’t satisfy his urges (taste the painter) and he is still thinking about it, then he needs to get rid of the source of his obsession. Because the moment the painter disappears, Min will be able to move on. Witnessing Yoon Seungho’s pain will compensate him for the loss. Therefore, the manhwaphiles can comprehend, why Min still associates Baek Na-Kyum to death. Deep down, he fears the painter, as he senses that the former represents a source of danger for him. He can become his weakness. And the best way to remove this is to manipulate Jihwa to commit the crime. I also think, Min had already detected that he couldn’t do it himself. For me, the character’s thoughts are actually mirroring Min’s true state of mind. Once again, he is projecting his own emotions “fiery in his jealousy”, “too weak at heart” into Jihwa. In fact, we could say the opposite. Jihwa’s heart was strong enough to resist negative emotions. That’s why Byeonduck chose to reveal Min’s thoughts in this chapter. Black Heart is someone who is always projecting his feelings and emotions into others, because he can’t deal with them himself. We had a similar phenomenon, in chapter 43. What Jihwa envisioned in chapter 43 represented Min’s thoughts in reality as well. Min was witnessing how Baek Na-Kyum was escaping from him: first a paramour, now a mistress. There’s another evidence for Min’s attachment to the painter. Like my reader @Lahuno66666 pointed it out correctly, Min is always talking about Baek Na-Kyum, exactly like the main lead. Note that in each chapter Min appears, he always mentions the artist: (chapter 8), chapter 33 , chapter 36 , chapter 41 chapter 43 , chapter 52 , chapter 53 , chapter 54 , chapter 56 , chapter 66 This outlines the importance of the painter in Black Heart’s thoughts. Thanks to her observation, I realized that Min has a similar mentality than Yoon Seungho. Both were confusing the mind with the heart. While Yoon Seungho was in denial of his feeling as he had the impression, he had no heart, the vicious noble is unable to distinguish his heart from his mind due to his ASPD. Furthermore, his so-called “obsession” (love) has never been noticed by the nobles, because when he talked about Baek Na-Kyum, he always talked about Yoon Seungho as well. The latter misunderstood Min’s actions and words. He just thought that Min was just jealous of him, while in reality the source of his envy was the artist. We shouldn’t forget that in chapter 8, Min chose to remain by Baek Na-Kyum’s side , while the main lead was having sex. This truly indicates that the commoner was much more intriguing and alluring than sex. The manhwaphiles should remember my remark about The Arousal Theory of Motivation. Min decided to remain inactive and observe the painter, exposing how much entertained and attracted he was towards Baek Na-Kyum. IT stands in opposition to the sex Yoon Seungho was having: Min was so fascinated by the sexual arousal in the painter’s gaze that he let the nobles alone! Note that he wasn’t even talking in that scene!! It contradicts so much to Min’s usual behavior (talkative, laughing, committing wrongdoings). This displays the artist’s real power. No wonder that Min tried to catch his attention in chapter 52, while the painter was standing at the door. When he saw the new painting, he must have felt so bothered that he felt the need to mock his host and the artist. And now, it becomes comprehensible why Min chose to walk on the picture, when he was in the artist’s study. He felt the urge to destroy the image, as he desires to be the one portrayed in that painting. This explains why the next morning when he talks about the Baek Na-Kyum’s assassination and rape, he remembers the drawing. He would like to be the one in that painting. As you can observe, Min was behaving like the main lead, all his thoughts and emotions were revolving around the painter, that’s why he felt bewitched. However, since he always mentioned Yoon Seungho with the painter, no one noticed his obsession. Jihwa couldn’t, because Black Heart was always talking about the commoner in such a negative way and had even suggested a murder and a rape. How could he notice that Min was in love with Baek Na-Kyum, when he was trying to hurt him? The red-haired noble’s blindness is understandable, because he was doing the same thing to his childhood friend. He would hurt him in the name of love.

Since Min is suffering from ASPD, it explains why Min is causing pain to others. For he is devoid of any feeling, he can only sense them, when he sees them in others. And now, you can understand why he is seeking pleasure and fun all the time. He needs pain and fun in order to feel something, in order to feel alive. But exactly like Kang Moo, the more time passes on, the more he feels this emptiness and his urges keep growing. And the painter became the trigger for Min to become more aggressive and reveal his true face. His jealousy and envy could only worsen. First, he tried to use the support from the other nobles to satisfy his immediate urges in chapter 33, but the main lead refused to share the commoner with him. That’s the moment he decided to remove Yoon Seungho from his throne. He saw how daring Yoon Seungho became, he would even fondle the artist at the tailor shop. I can only envisage that this event must have caused some jealousy and envy… That’s why he challenged Yoon Seungho properly this time and touched his waist. However, he was defeated with an insult: “a mouse”. And remember that at the end of the scene in chapter 41, Min wondered how good the artist would taste. For me, it is clear that Min was so annoyed by this defeat that he wanted to retaliate, like “if I can’t have Baek Na-Kyum, then no one should have him”. As a conclusion, Min is already in love with the painter, but his “love” is associated to so many negative emotions that Black Heart can’t deal with them. Due to his love which he explains with witchcraft, he feels weak, powerless, jealous, greedy, ruthless… and now, you understand why when I compared him to Nameless, I came to the following observations: Min is selfish, jealous, manipulative, poisonous, ruthless, greedy, dishonest and even disloyal. All these feelings are in truth related to Baek Na-Kyum. That’s why Min is able to insult Baek Na-Kyum (“witch”, “charlatan”) and order the murder on the person he is obsessed with. Min can’t accept that he is captivated by a low-born. He needs some abstruse explanations for the emotions he is feeling. In other words, he is in denial!

Because of this new revelation, it becomes necessary to examine once again the chapter 53/54. He kissed the painter, because he couldn’t resist the temptation. He got so jealous that the painter would embrace a vengeful ghost and even accept a slap without getting upset. Imagine, he saw how Baek Na-Kyum was willing to embrace the main lead with all his flaws: rage, brutality and his terrible reputation. Another reason for getting jealous!! At the same time, he felt the need to mock Yoon Seungho due to his jealousy and envy. He had to make him suffer, because he was “suffering” himself. And now, the readers can grasp why Min was even willing to risk his face. He couldn’t contain his negative emotions, he felt the need to provoke the “monster”… In reality, he was mocking himself. How could he feel captivated to the painter? I can even imagine that he accepted the punches, because these could serve as a wake up call. And now, you understand why Min felt the need to retaliate against Baek Na-Kyum and Yoon Seungho the next morning. He sensed that he needed more than before to remove the artist, as his desires for Baek Na-Kyum kept increasing, and as such his envy and jealousy had become insufferable. As you can observe, Min is a really complex character. To reduce him to a psychopath is not correct. Sure, it helps the readers to comprehend his personality better, however by analyzing another psychopath, we could definitely perceive his true thoughts and emotions.

My final word is the following: Psychopath or not, such people shouldn’t be judged like beast or monstrosity, because in reality, normal people can become murderers or criminals. Don’t forget that Holocaust was only possible due to the participation of “willing helpers” who were actually normal and sane. However, we can criticize and condemn people and characters for their wrongdoings. Ordering a murder or a rape is a crime, therefore Min is indeed a criminal psychopath.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My tumblr-twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.