Painter Of The Night: Baek Na-Kyum’s confessions (part 5)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

In the 4th part, I explained that the main character Baek Na-Kyum made multiple confessions during the first season. I listed three confessions: the one in the chapter 19/20, the other in the chapter 25 and the final one in the chapters 41/42. I made this discovery because I had noticed the similarities between the chapter 49 and 20/21 hence I created a list of all the parallels. Only then I recognized that we had the same ingredients in the chapter 25 and 41/42. This led me to the following conclusion. Each time, Byeonduck used all the same ingredients but she changed the chronology. However, I count 4 confessions in reality, as we shouldn’t forget that in the chapter 40, the painter attempts to confess his love but he is stopped by the scholar. He is finally realizing his “dream” only to get rejected and even abandoned. For the teacher, the low-born is so impure, he came from a brothel and will never leave this social status. So the love confession Baek Na-Kyum always dreamed of becomes a disaster. His dream turns into a nightmare. Therefore I will come back to this confession in this essay, although my main focus is a comparison of the painter’s confessions in the presence of Yoon Seungho.

Before comparing all these confession scenes to each other one more time, I am quoting the list again as a help for my readers.

  1. The noble’s visit in the painter’s study
  2. Yoon Seungho acting as someone else
  3. The painter’s confession
  4. Their kisses
  5. Seungho’s surprised gaze
  6. The two hugs
  7. The prostitution/brothel
  8. The painter’s tears
  9. Baek Na-Kyum’s position on the floor
  10. Seungho’s rough actions
  11. Seungho’s comments
  12. The presence of Jung In-Hun as a shadow
  13. The painter’s emotional heartache
  14. The mixture of love and sex session

The moment, I started contrasting all the confession scenes together, I perceived new aspects in the common denominators. Let’s examine the first point, the reason why the lord went to the painter’s study. Before, I stated that he went there (chapter 19/20) because he saw it as an opportunity to taste the innocent man. The powerful aristocrat had witnessed the quarrel between the scholar and the artist, he thought that he could now approach the low-born. However, thanks to the comparison, I came to another revelation hence I would like to include another cause for his visitation. From my point of view, he was also worried about Baek Na-Kyum. He knew that the man had stolen the expensive and very strong wine. Let’s not forget that he was accompanied by his loyal valet Kim. So there was a mixture of concern and lust. The reason why I adjoin care is that we have the same motivation in the chapter 41 and in the chapter 48/49. In both scenes, he is troubled by the painter’s behavior. In the chapter 41, he heard from the servants that the low-born had been working non-stop to the point that he was even skipping his meals.

Look at the protagonist’s face, when he asks the painter about the reason for his behavior.

He is definitely troubled to discover his “loved one” crying. He has to find the reason for his tears. And during the chapter 47, his submissive, resigned and passive attitude caught the master’s attention as well. He kept wondering why the low-born would apology. As you can see, care was always the trigger for his visit to the painter’s study. In the chapter 48, he wasn’t just angry. If fury had been his only motivation in the chapter 48, then he wouldn’t have contained his anger. Yet during the chapter 48, the master remained quite calm. He acted like a master or a client at a gisaeng house, yet he kept talking to the artist, pointing out the weirdness of his attitude. He kept asking why, just like in the chapter 41/42. Therefore I come to the conclusion that care and concern were the biggest motivations for the lord to visit the painter’s chamber. In other words, Seungho has never been cold-hearted, like some readers are still judging him.

Now, if you pay attention to the second confession (chapter 25), it doesn’t look like worry is the lord’s motivation. But here, let’s not forget that they meet at the pavilion and not at Baek Na-Kyum’s study. At the pavilion, Seungho’s motivation was desire. He wanted a renewal of their wedding night. He imagined that he would see a painting of their first intercourse, a proof of their “marriage” and make love again to the painter, so that he could experience the feeling of being loved again. We should remember that the lord experienced his own liberation at a pavilion too so this place signified a lot to him. He first became disappointed, then worried because the artist hadn’t remembered their night together. He feared that this wonderful night would disappear forever, would just remain a dream, an one-night stand and this was not what the master was longing. That’s why he said this: As you can see, the more the lord spent time at the pavilion, the more he became troubled. His despair and worry pushed him to make the wrong decision: force the painter to remember their wedding night so that he could claim Baek Na-Kyum as his “wife” and partner.

As you can observe, by contrasting all the confessions, we get new interpretations and a deeper insight on Yoon Seungho’s actions, for the latter is not very expressive. Only his gaze reveals his true thoughts and emotions but this is not enough. Just looking at the lord’s actions doesn’t really mirror the protagonist’s personality. Worry and care were all present in the confession scenes.

Moreover, if you compare the chronology of the wedding night with the last one, you can observe another divergence. In the chapter 20, the kisses marked the beginning of their wedding night, which is quite normal during a wedding night, while the kisses in the chapter 49 have a different meaning. Here, the kisses and the hug are a sign that the relationship between Yoon Seungho and Baek Na-Kyum has improved, even deepened. They already had sex before, hence the kisses have another signification. In the chapter 20, Baek Na-Kyum was the only one hugging his partner while kissing. He wanted to make love, while the master was following his sexual desires or better said, that’s what he believed. I would like to remind that from my perspective, the noble was already in love with Baek Na-Kyum but didn’t recognize his own feelings as he had never introspected his emotions before. I even have the impression that he is still unaware of the depth of his feelings for the painter. In other words, in the episode 49, both main leads start making love. From my point of view, Yoon Seungho is making love to the artist, while the latter just perceives it as a sex session, as he doesn’t want to get hurt emotionally again. He prefers following his physical reactions, he is no longer repressing his unconscious. Yet, there is affection coming from the artist as he is someone with a big heart, like his erotic publications suggested. That’s why we have here again a combination of sex and love. This is understandable as the low-born doesn’t even grasp the true motivation behind his actions. His gestures are exuding love and affection and not just pure lust but since the painter doesn’t see his own actions in a mirror, he has the impression, he is only following his sexual desires. As a conclusion, the kisses in the chapter 49 mark the second phase of their intercourse, the love session.

We also had two stages during their first night. Back then, the master thought that he could have sex with the commoner finally hence his gestures were quite rough. He was just following his own interests and never paid any consideration for the painter. He was just looking for sex in his mind, but the moment he was told that his partner was a virgin, he was surprised. Nonetheless he was willing to change his behavior and became more gentle.

That’s why I come to the next topic, the presence of the brothel in all the confessions (20, 40, 41/42, 48/49). I would link to outline the importance of this aspect as the gisaeng house is associated to corruption and defilement. Since Yoon Seungho knew that the painter came from the gisaeng house, he imagined that he was not pure. He saw the images as a proof of his dirtiness. The paintings mirrored lewdness in his eyes, hence he thought that they would reflect the artist’s impurity. With this revelation (the commoner is a virgin), he recognizes that he somehow misunderstood the images. He just considered them as lewd, though in fact, they were beautiful as they are oozing naturalness and affection. The fact that the commoner was raised at a “filthy” place, yet remained pure, not just enhanced his virtue but also unveiled his innocence.

No wonder why the noble can’t let the painter go. Baek Na-Kyum embodies the opposite of his own life. While Yoon Seungho, due to his status as noble, was supposed to live in a world of virtue and honor, he experienced the opposite: treachery, dirty sex, corruption so that he ended up tainted and impure. The so called virtuous world of the nobility was in reality a filthy place. And that’s how he felt too and during their wedding night, he meets someone willing to accept him, a person who wanted to remain chaste out of love and fidelity. His words display honor and virtue, all the features that aristocrats should represent. This explains why the noble decides to take the painter as his wife in that moment. He sees him as worthy, Baek Na-Kyum is in fact the real noble person here. This explicates that the master doesn’t consider the social gap as a hindrance. Baek Na-Kyum has lived as a honorable and dignified person, unlike all the aristocrats Yoon Seungho has ever met. That’s why the marriage was important for the noble. It was, as if their union would clean the aristocrat from all the filth he experienced before. Right early on, I had associated their first night as a wedding night and the more I examine this manhwa, the more my interpretation is confirmed.

Strangely is that Jung In-Hun refused the painter because of his “dirtiness”, he preferred distancing himself from the commoner as he feared his “cleanliness” due to his title would be tarnished.

And in the last image, Baek Na-Kyum saw his own reflection in the teacher’s eyes, he was a prostitute. The glasses literally made him blind hence the painter could no longer consider himself as pure. However, I have the feeling that the scholar’s words will come to bite him because he will experience what Yoon Seungho went through in his past. He will discover how dirty and evil the nobility is. Jung In-Hun is already vicious, yet his arrogance makes him stupid and even naive. That’s the reason why in the chapter 42, the painter tried to act like a whore as he had accepted Jung In-Hun’s words and gaze as the truth.

That’s why the lord wasn’t even excited and suspected that Jung In-Hun had abused the artist’s innocence in order to obtain something. Striking is that later the noble gave in in that scene but he didn’t allow the artist to act like a whore. He ensured to please his “wife” and followed his advice. We could say that we have a reversed situation from the chapter 25. Back then, the noble used his right as husband to have sex with his “partner” and now, the painter was more or less cornered to act like a “spouse”, although the latter never perceived it that way. He just thought that he was judged as a prostitute. Let’s not forget that the master did follow all the painter’s requests in that scene. That’s why he kissed and hugged his lover so passionately, he wanted to comfort him so much but he failed to stop the painter’s heart from freezing. That’s why Baek Na-Kyum still judged himself as a whore after that night. And in the chapter 48/49, this time the manhwaphiles behold the lord acting like a real client at a brothel. He wants to provoke a physical and emotional reaction in the painter so that the latter finally leaves his state of shock. By playing this role, he wanted to make the commoner realize the harsh reality of a brothel and the real fate of prostitutes. He frightened the painter so much that the latter begged the lord to stop, to listen to his requests. However, this time he did succeed but still didn’t achieve his original goal: winning the painter’s heart. I am well aware that some readers are still thinking that Baek Na-Kyum hasn’t changed his view about himself. I have a different opinion because he is now the master of his own fate. For me, he has become a libertine, sure his negative opinion about himself is not entirely removed, yet he is now able to differentiate between his own interests and the ones from his partner, which he never did in the past. He imagined that Jung In-Hun’s interests were the same than his own hence he was willing to do anything for the scholar. He has finally realized his own existence so he is no longer the same person, a whore with no identity and desire. He is now creating his new life, making new rules.

Striking is that the painter’s origins are indeed a source of shame for Baek Na-Kyum and the image where Jung In-Hun expresses his disappointment “I thought you could be educated” explains why the painter had a low self-esteem concerning his social origins. He had no education. That’s the reason why he was attracted to the low noble in the first place. He met a person with some education that’s why we have now reached a crossroad for both characters. Yoon Seungho knows now why the painter behaved like that and in my opinion, he has already realized how he can solve this problem. The last image in the chapter 50 is already indicating that Yoon Seungho will become the “learned sir” Baek Na-Kyum has always wished. That’s the reason why the noble was only seen as a shadow. He hasn’t slipped into the role of the painter’s teacher yet. By giving him an education, the master will boost the commoner’s confidence so that Baek Na-Kyum can no longer deny his feelings for the lord. This will affect his perception about Yoon Seungho.

As you could see, the brothel play a huge part in all the confessions as it is connected to filth and corruption. Baek Na-Kyum hasn’t grasped that the protagonist fell in love with him due to his purity and innocence. Besides, he helped him to change his perception about himself (chapter 4, chapter 20). Through the erotic paintings and their wedding night, the noble has now regained his “virtue” hence he has become monogamous. He is a reformed man like the folks in town observed it.

Okay, that’s it for the 5th part. In the next part, I will keep comparing all the confession scenes again but I will examine this drawing more particularly.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My tumblr-twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Dine With A Vampire: Liberation

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/dine_vampire  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

Actually, I wanted to write about this topic much sooner but due to “Painter Of The Night”, I kept postponing it. Once again, I’ll examine the evolution of Joo Sooin and Park Chi-Hwan, yet under a different aspect: Emancipation. When both met and came to an agreement, both experienced deliverance. While the human was no longer exposed to abuse, the vampire was no longer forced to kill vampires in order to survive. Consequently, while liberation will be the topic of the essay, I’ll question at the end, if their emancipation just announces a positive change.

Before explaining Joo Sooin’s liberation, it is important to remember how the protagonist’s life was preceding Kwon Sungha’s death. Joo Sooin had no control over his own life. The abusive roommate supervised main lead’s every single move and word. For example, Sungha forced Joo Sooin to lie to his girlfriend.

chapter 1

Or he even ordered him to return from work at a precise time, well aware that Sooin would have to struggle in order to follow his order.

chapter 1

In that scene, Kwon Sungha was particularly vicious because he planned to set up a trap for his roommate, like the drawing below proves it. He knew that his “friend” would arrive at this hour.

When Sooin arrived two minutes later than ordered, he caught the so-called friend with his girlfriend in a embarrassing position. He interrupted them, while they were about to have sex. This gave the double-faced man the excuse to send away his girlfriend, avoiding to have sex with her, whereas he could accuse the poor “roommate” of embarrassing him and his girlfriend. Later he could even justify his abuse because Sooin needed to be punished for his wrongdoings (the interruption and his lies). Simultaneously, he ensured to make his former best friend feel guilty in order to underline his superiority and demonstrate his power. He was the master, the one deciding about Sooin’s fate.

Furthermore our main lead wasn’t even the owner of his own body, Sungha marked and bruised him like he wanted. The double-faced man even supervised their sexual encounters, he never took the uke’s pleasure into consideration. In fact, he actually enjoyed it, when the protagonist would cry. He abused the main character so much that at the end, Joo Sooin had even adopted Sungha’s worldview. As a homosexual, he was a dirty and filthy pervert. The red-haired man had succeeded to transform Sooin into a man with no confidence, no dream and no desire. That’s why I described him as a zombie in my first analysis about Dine With A Vampire (“What defines being a human?”). Imagine that for a brief moment his “only hope and dream” was to be thrown away, as if he was some garbage.

That’s how little he thought of himself, a vulgar and soiled object. Besides, Sooin would even use the same vocabulary than his abusive “boyfriend”, like for example “dirty”.

However, everything changed the moment Park Chi-Hwan helped him to cut ties with Kwon Sungha by killing the inhuman doctor. When the vampire got rid of the violent roommate, Soo Jooin could finally be free and could regain the control of his own life. However, this perception has to be relativized.

The problem with victims of abuse is, they need time to change completely as their thoughts and actions have been formatted by their violent partner. Since everything revolved around their partner before, the abused need to regain a new identity, to change their own behavior and as such to rediscover their own taste. That’s why the red-haired man’s influence still exists in the protagonist’s life, even after the perpetrator disappeared.

First, Sooin is reminded of Sungha, when he touches the vampire’s cheek in order to restrain him. The reason is simple: he did the same gesture with his roommate.

chapter 7

As you can observe, a victim of a toxic relationship has some issues to forget the ex-partner and his past habits, born out of fear and the need to protect themselves. This shows that many reactions have been internalized. This incident explicates too why Sooin finds it very difficult to choose his own food and clothes properly. Notice that he picks not only the least nutritious meal

but also something looking similar to Sungha’s porridge (white and sticky due to the butter):

Here, he is manipulating Sooin. The latter has no choice to accept the porridge. Observe that with the remark “white and sticky”, the internist is making fun of his roommate because of his sexual orientation. He is referring to cum in this situation.

Imagine, he doesn’t even look at the more delicious dishes and even feels awkward to receive so many expensive clothes, hence he has to be pressured to pick up some shirt and trousers. Here, due to the colors (dark blue and black) the selected shirt and the trousers resemble to the jacket he wore, when he was living with the future doctor.

His choice of clothes and dishes not only reflect his low self-esteem but also mirrors his problem to forget his life with his abusive friend. As you can detect, despite the disappearance of Sungha, Sooin is not truly liberated from his ex-best friend’s shadow.

Therefore during his sleep, our main character keeps having nightmares about Sungha, revealing that his fear of his former best friend has not completely vanished. (chapter 9 and 14). He recalls the way the monster had sex with him.

Fortunately, the man remembers Park Chi-Hwan in his dream so that the ex-partner is repressed. Yet, he comes back in form of a shadow, making him feel guilty. He is the one responsible for his death.

In other words, Sooin is still tormented, although he has someone nice by his side. Because of the long exposure to abuse, his angst and guilt are deeply engraved in him. This explicates why the young man keeps apologizing to Park Chi-Hwan. He imagines that the vampire might react like his ex-friend (see the chapter 12 too).

Furthermore while having sex with Park CHi-Hwan, Sooin’s requests are related to Sungha’s sexual habits. Sooin didn’t want the vampire to cum inside him during their first sexual intercourse. There is no ambiguity that this is again related to Sungha as the latter saw sperm as something dirty, especially when the manhwalovers recalls his remark made with the porridge. When Sooin asked the supernatural creature to grab his head so that he could take his whole shaft, I believe that this desire was influenced by Kwon Sungha too. What caught my attention is the main lead’s reaction, when he hears from his lover that he will do what Sooin wants. The quotation marks indicate a certain surprise and hesitation expressed by the sensitive human. At that moment, the new lover has no idea that the request doesn’t truly reflect the human’s wish, it is more linked to the violent internist. Besides, if you consider how rough the fellatio is (deep throat), even the vampire wonders how he can allow this, because he knows how delicate the human is. This would explicate why at the end, when the vampire declares that Sooin looks like a mess, the latter starts crying and apologizing. The deep throat fellatio and Chi-Hwan’s words triggered the main lead to remember about the negative image he has about him.

As the manhwaphiles can observe, time is essential for victims of abuse. That’s why this story is very interesting. It makes the readers understand how difficult it is for these victims to distance themselves from their terrible experiences and their past. Outsiders often don’t understand why abused people can’t cut ties with their controlling and violent partner immediately. The latter often uses guilt as a way to dominate their partner. In the manhwa, Sungha even blackmails Sooin and the latter had no way to protected himself. That’s why the victims of abuse have problems to leave their abusive partner, they sometimes think that they can even turn them into a better person. In other words, if they want to start a new life, they have to leave everything behind: their former habits and thoughts. It was, as if they needed to relearn how to live on their own. This is what people caught in a controlling relationship need to do in order to be truly emancipated:

  1. Reclaiming activities
  2. Being kind to his own body.
  3. Connecting with people.
  4. Verbalizing
  5. Remembering
  6. You. Survivors need to learn to put themselves at the center of their lives. After structuring their time around the abusers’ demands, it can be difficult for survivors even to remember their own opinions and wishes.” quoted from https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/invisible-chains/201512/recovery-after-controlling-relationship

The murder might have helped Sooin to run away from Sungha, yet he has not truly cut ties with his past and overcome his trauma.

However, the readers get to see more and more small changes in the protagonist. For the first time, he is able to think on his own and even speak about himself, a huge step in his emancipation. . The personal pronoun “I” is quite central in order to detect the slow recovery. If you compare to the way he spoke much earlier, his sentences in the second picture above are much longer and without any break. Sooin is less reserved and more determined. There is a progression between the two pictures, the “I” becomes more and more important.

Sooin’s slow transformation and liberation is only possible because Park Chi-Hwan treats him with respect and tenderness. He ensures that the young man eats better. He lets him eat some meat so that the human is able to discover that he likes that dish. The supernatural creature doesn’t mark his lover with bruises and bites in order to claim the human as his partner to other vampires, he uses his scent. He even tells Sooin that he will always listen to his wishes and desires. Why is there such a huge contrast between this relationship and Sooin’s bond with Sungha? Sooin and Chi-Hwan call each other master hence there exists no superiority between them, unlike Sungha who was the only master. For him, Sooin was just his pet or his object. While Sungha planned to cage his sex partner in a studio for his own sexual desires, Chi-Hwan uses the expression “our home”.

The more time passes on, the more Sungha’s influence is fading away as the innocent human discovers how a real relationship works. Chi-Hwan and Sooin are open to each other, there is no secret between them. The vampire never lies or sets up his lover. They don’t hide their fear or thoughts from each other contrasting so much to Sungha’s manipulations and secrets. Besides, the vampire is determined to erase this monster from Sooin’s memory. This explicates why the more episodes we read, the more the human’s mind is focused on Park Chi-Hwan. Little by little, the young man accepts him in his heart. He is even willing to do anything for him. He is not even repulsed, when he sees blood on the ground. He just gets scared as his lover has blood on his face and he could have been hurt.

While Sooin wanted to escape from Sungha’s claws, the opposite is happening with the vampire. The human fears to get separated from his lover. He even envisions how to help Chi-Hwan because the latter could get arrested for murder. As you can detect, Sooin’s liberation is not complete as he is still concerned about Sungha, but the former has already made huge progress. He has found comfort and love in Park Chi-Hwan’s embrace and care. Consequently the moment Sooin discovers that his former lover has survived, he might get scared shortly. However, I am expecting that the victim will reject his former lover and no longer fear him, although he has become a vampire. His relationship with Park Chi-Hwan will become his strength and anchor to fight against his former best friend. The irony is that Park Chi-Hwan might be a vampire just like Sungha, yet the former metamorphosed into a “human” due to Sooin’s scent and blood (while keeping his supernatural nature), whereas this won’t be the case for Sungha. He was a monster as a human and I am quite sure, he will remain one as a vampire.

Now, it is time to focus on the vampire’s emancipation. In the introduction, I mentioned Park Chi-Hwan’s liberation and explained that thanks to Sooin’s blood, he was no longer forced to kill other vampires for his own existence. However, I see another aspect in his emancipation. His new lover has turned him into a human, being able to ooze warmth and tenderness. Notice that he smiles and even laughs more, while in the introduction, he appeared more grumpy. He was avoiding humans and even vampires. The reasons were quite simple. He disliked the scent of humans’ blood and he needed to avoid vampires so that he could hunt them without getting noticed. In other words, he was quite lonely. He couldn’t share anything with others. Affection and care were non-existent. I also believe that he also discovered sexuality and its pleasures thanks to Sooin. Notice his reaction, when he drinks the human’s blood for the first time.

The human’s reaction works like an aphrodisiac for the vampire too. His words in the picture outline that his knowledge wasn’t based on experience but on hearsay. His gaze and mouth express fascination and joy. This new discovery awakes the vampire’s appetite for excitement. Therefore he warns Sooin that he won’t be satisfied very quickly. We could say that for the first time, he felt thirst for sex and pleasure.

That’s why I say that his life has changed a lot too. Thanks to Sooin, he is no longer living in hell, can finally smell nice things, feel pleasure during intercourse. He is hungry and thirsty for love and sex. Observe that at no moment he questions his relationship with Sooin. Homosexuality seems something natural and normal for the supernatural creature. His mentality stands in opposition to the internist’s, the latter judging sodomy as filthy. For the first time, the supernatural creature is enjoying life and is no longer living in hell hence sodomy can’t be dirty. No wonder why Park Chi-Hwan calls it a miracle.

We have to imagine that before meeting Sooin, his life was quite empty but gory at the same time as he needed to kill his “fellows” for his own survival. Moreover, his comment in the drawing above lets transpire that he hadn’t expected to ever meet such a human in his life. We could say that the supernatural creature has come back to life. He has been set free from his life as vampire, now he is living like a human, without losing his supernatural powers.

We discover in the chapter 14 why Park Chi-Hwan is able to kill his fellows so easily. Since he eats vampires, his powers are stronger than vampires feeding on humans. And this could be the weakness the new vampire, introduced for the first time in the chapter 16, is referring to. Since he has bonded with a human, the origin of his powers is now Sooin and no longer the vampires. Does it signify that he will lose his supernatural powers over other vampires in the long term? Honestly, I believe the opposite. But we’ll see if this impression will be proven correct. Besides, as human’s life is so fragile, it is normal that Park Chi-Hwan’s enemy will target Sooin because he seems to be the weaker one. Once Sooin is removed from Chi-Hwan’s side, the latter will lose his happiness and joy.

Let’s not forget that the gentle protagonist keeps reminding Sooin of his mortal condition. Therefore the vampire’s liberation appears to be a source of danger. He might have found joy and love but these become his weaknesses thereby he could lose his immortal life for good. However, I doubt that the new vampire is taking into consideration that Joo Sooin is metamorphosing into a strong and reliable human thanks to Park Chi-Hwan. At some point, the human will become the vampire’s strength, the more he gets loved and encouraged to be his own person. They are already working together, worrying about each other very much

that’s why their liberation will help them to fight against their enemies. Sungha and the new vampire might be working together, yet they have different mindsets and goals in my opinion. Sungha will try to reclaim his “pet” and prey, while I can envision that the other vampire would prefer getting rid of Joo Sooin. I envisage that Sungha could decide to go after his rival but the white-haired vampire won’t permit it. For the latter, killing the loved one would be more effective than just removing him from Park Chi-Hwan’s side. We can also sense the white-haired vampire’s resentment and lack of emotions in the final scene. Observe the contrast between the supernatural creature’s words and his facial expression.

The secret beholder is far from showing any happiness and relief. He seems to be far from emancipated from the past. I believe that just like Sungha, he must resent Park Chi-Hwan for abandoning him. He is certainly jealous of his former friend who could live without him and he is now annoyed that he could find happiness with a human. I have the impression that this vampire wants to make Park Chi-Hwan regret his past decision. The latter shouldn’t have freed himself from his fellow and former friend.

While Park Chi-Hwan made a huge new experience with Sooin, the other seems to still live in the past, full of resent. He will make sure that Park Chi-Hwan’s liberation turns his life into hell.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My tumblr-twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support. 

Painter Of The Night: 🤓Jung In-Hun’s poem, an analysis

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. If you want to read more essays, here is the link to the table of contents:  https://bebebisous33analyses.wordpress.com/2020/07/04/table-of-contents-painter-of-the-night/

It would be great if you could make some donations/sponsoring: Ko-fi.com/bebebisous33  That way, you can support me with “coffee” so that I have the energy to keep examining manhwas. Besides, I need to cover up the expenses for this blog.

Thanks to my follower @Unfairy_Tales and to the blogger @theprocrastinatingredkitty, ://theprocrastinatingredkitty.tumblr.com/post/621365296050110464/with-regards-to-that-longass-post-wang-bang-yeon (Since the whole post would show up, if I quoted the link, I add to remove the https), I was finally able to get the original poem written by Wang Bang-Yeon. The author from that blog explained a lot about the historical period which was quite insightful, that’s why I will summarize this briefly.

Year of birth and death unknown, the poet and official Wang Bang-Yeon is said to have lived in the time of Joseon’s sixth king Danjong (1441-1457) and his successor king Sejo (1417-1468). As the official of the state tribunal, he followed the young king Danjong into his exile and gave him poison to drink by royal command. He left a poem revealing his yearning for the king. And this is exactly the poem the author Byeonduck used for her manhwa.

However, my essay will be different from @theprocrastinatingredkitty’s, because my purpose is to compare the original poem with the one composed by Jung In-Hun. By comparing them, I believe that the manhwalovers can perceive the scholar’s personality much better.

First, we need to examine the circumstances how Jung In-Hun came to “compose” this poem. The teacher must have given Baek Na-Kyum the verses as a farewell gift, when he sent him away after making sure that the artist would never paint any erotic picture. This would explain why the low-born treasured this poem so much as he thought, this would illustrate the scholar’s feelings for him. He had the impression that this sonnet would express the scholar’s yearning due to the metaphors used in the poem. What he didn’t know was that the scholar had just copied it from the original. In other words, the yearning that transpires in the scholar’s poetry is actually the longing of the original author, Wang Bang-Yeon, and not the aristocrat’s fascination. Since the commoner had no contact to poetry, he couldn’t know that this was just a plagiarism.

Now, it is time to take a closer to the poems. This is the original:

“Parting from my sweet lover at ten million ri long distance,

Having no place to put my mind at, I am seated by the stream.

That water is going on its way at night, crying in my mind.”

And here is the plagiarized poem composed by the infamous Jung In-Hun:

“Having bid farewell to your beauty, 90,000 ri away,

My mind is not at peace, so I pace by the well.

The well is like my mind… I, too, will weep.”

If you pay attention to the poems, you’ll notice that the scholar kept the same structure and ideas from the original. The common denominators are the farewell, the huge distance, the restless mind, the water, the darkness and the crying. Striking is that the scholar only changed the words, like for example “sweet lover” turned into a “beauty”. However, the choice of the new wording is quite telling about the former teacher.

“Having bid farewell to your beauty”

First, he selected “beauty” indicating his vanity. He has no feelings for the painter Baek Na-Kyum, hence he can’t call him “sweet lover”. Secondly, if he had kept this word, this would have contradicted his doctrine: Sodomy is something dirty and vulgar. Therefore he had to pick a different idiom. “Beauty” is associated to appearances and we know for sure that the scholar values image and impression a lot. That’s why he often smiles, although his smiles are fake. Finally, I judge beauty as something ephemeral underlining that his relationship with the low-born is temporal and even superficial. The “beauty” will wither, as time passes on hence the attention towards the low-born is short-lived . As the manhwaphiles can observe, the selection “beauty” outlines the scholar’s true thoughts: his superficiality, his vanity and his moral standards. He can’t have any deep feelings for the commoner. I would even say that he is incapable to love anyone else except himself.

90,000 ri away,

The distance of the separation has been diminished. From 10 million ri, it became 90.000 ri. This is quite interesting because of the number 9. I mean, the scholar could have changed the 10 million into 100.000 ri, yet the one metamorphosed into a 9 and this is no coincidence in my opinion. The number 9 contains a lot of symbolism as it is often in the bible. 9 is considered as a sacred number related to magic and completion. It is viewed as a symbol of wisdom, good leadership and heaven. I discovered that the ninth day of the Chinese New Year is the birthday of the Jade Emperor who is the supreme god worshiped by the Taoists. Even in Chinese, when the number nine is pronounced, it sounds like the word for “longevity, eternality”, hence it is perceived as an auspicious number. That’s why I come to the belief that Jung In-Hun considers the number nine as a representation of himself. He somehow associates himself to the Jade Emperor. As you can observe, 9 is full of positive associations, nonetheless the scholar didn’t write just 9, but 90.000 which is totally different in reality. While the scholar compares himself as the Jade Emperor, the zero should be judged as a representation of low-borns. This outlines his difference to other humans. The high number of zeros not only mirrors his distance to the painter but serves to outline Jung In-Hun’s special status and extraordinary personality. It was as if he was saying that he is unique. Now you understand my interpretation that the zero symbolizes the artist, he is nothing in the god’s eyes therefore the scholar chose such a number. As a conclusion, the 90.000 ri suggest that the scholar and the painter are far apart from each other in their status and personality. He is just a low-born hence they can’t be together. It reflects how he perceives himself and the artist. Nonetheless in my perspective, 90.000 destroys the holiness contained in the nine, it was as if the zeros would nullify the sanctity in the 9.

Furthermore, since the distance has been reduced, then this signifies that the supposed “longing” has diminished too. In fact, both persons were not far away from each other, the painter could have visited the teacher. My interpretation is that by giving such a poem, Jung In-Hun wasn’t biding farewell to Baek Na-Kyum, the scholar was asking the painter to keep his distance from him. There was nothing stopping the teacher from meeting the low-born, he hadn’t received any royal order, like in Wang Bang-Yeon’s case. Yet, he acted as if he had to separate himself from the painter. Consequently, I come to the conclusion the 90.000 ri unveil the scholar’s hypocrisy as well.

My mind is not at peace,

Then in Jung In-Hun’s verse, the “peace” replaces the place. His mind is not at peace, while in the original, Wang Bang-Yeon was indirectly referring to the king’s exile, he was worried due to the location. The child king Danjong had no real home now. The teacher couldn’t use the word “place” as at least he has his shabby dwelling. Striking is that this verse reveals the noble’s duplicity too. The painter never questioned why the teacher would feel restless, as he was the one sending him away. He never received any royal command, unlike the official and famous poet Wang Bang-Yeon.

so I pace by the well.

In the same verse, the scholar wrote that he was walking (pace), while the original author was seating. Two different moves and yet very telling again. The fact that the scholar is pacing indicates that he is moving on, unlike Wang Bang-Yeon who had some difficulties to move because of the separation and the future death. His position insinuates pain, he is somehow paralyzed due to his heartache contrasting so much to the low noble’s behavior. The teacher might say that his mind is not at peace, but in reality he is just describing himself strolling. He is not feeling any pain therefore he can move freely. He can still live well, while the other poet can’t move on in his life, he was so in pain that he was forced to seat (“I was seated”). What also caught my attention in this sonnet is the repetition of the personal pronoun “I”, while in the original we only have one in the second verse (“I was seated by the stream”. Furthermore, note that in the original poetry the “I” is really passive (“I was seated”), while Jung In-Hun is portrayed as a very active person (“I pace”, later “I too … will weep”) underlining his freedom. He can do whatever he wants, whereas Wang Bang-Yeon was forced to follow the banished king and even to offer the poison. He suffered to be put in such a dilemma which the poetry truly reflects. The famous author seems to be caught in a terrible situation and has no way out. He observes the stream, he can’t control it (“the water is going on its way”), which is the opposite with the scholar.

The well is like my mind…

The “stream” and “water” have been transformed into a well. While the former idioms are linked to nature, the well is a sign for civilization and artificiality as the man has intervened. Through this metaphor, I perceive an evidence of the coercive persuasion. Jung In-Hun transformed the painter into a well: “The well is … like my mind”. While the original poet was underlining his powerlessness, he couldn’t control the events, as a small person can’t control nature, Jung In-Hun is expressing the opposite. He is rejoicing that he has been able to change a human being. He is glorifying his action, however there is still some water symbolizing the painter’s unconscious. But the low-born is only a shadow of himself.

The form of the well also reflects the teacher’s narrow-mindedness, his worldview is so small so that he turned the painter into a small image of himself: narrow-minded and superficial too. That’s why we see Baek Na-Kyum calling Yoon Seungho as “a man consumed by lust”, he judges the man based on the rumors and his first impressions. As a conclusion, the teacher knew what he did to the artist, the latter became a second image of his teacher. This outlines the teacher’s arrogance and vanity, he liked himself so much that he felt the need to change Baek Na-Kyum into a different man. Imagine the scholar’s satisfaction, there is a second “Jung In-Hun” living somewhere. This illustrates his megalomania and egocentrism due to the repetition of the “I”. He is a creator, he achieved greatness by turning a talented painter into a shadow of himself, by transforming him into a nicer version of the scholar. Remember what I once wrote in one of my other analyses: Baek Na-Kyum’s lies were linked to Jung In-Hun, the latter had stained on the artist so that his purity had been soiled. I see a confirmation of my interpretation with this poem.

The reason why the teacher selected the well is quite simple, he wanted to have the darkness in his verse as in the original, the author mentioned the night. Wang Bang-Yeon couldn’t reveal his sadness to others, he had been trusted with a mission hence he had to follow the orders, although he liked the young king. A well is deep and dark. Even the form between the well (round) resembles to the moon. On the other hand, the scholar never thought that his choice would mirror his own mind. His darkness is not visible to the commoner’s eyes as it is deeply hidden behind his fake smiles. Let’s not forget that the teacher never showed his true gaze to the painter until the chapter 40. Besides, we should remember that I already associated Jung In-Hun to the day and the sun (a fake one), therefore he couldn’t choose the moon as a metaphor for himself. Usually, kings are associated to the sun (see Louis XIV, the sun king or the pharaon in Egypt) and not the moon.

I, too, will weep.

If you compare it to the original, you’ll detect two changes: the time and the way they cry. First, Wang Bang-Yeon is just weeping in his mind as he can’t let his emotions betray him. He’s an official and he has an order to follow, if he disobeyed, his family could suffer. Jung In-Hun erased the expression “in my mind” but replaced it with the future. I couldn’t restrain myself from laughing sarcastically because with this sentence, the scholar is actually showing that he is in fact not crying. He implies to the painter that his lack of tears is just momentary, he will cry later, while he knows that Baek Na-Kyum’s eyes will be full of tears, while departing from him. The “too” is referring to the painter. He knows what the departure means for the painter but he doesn’t care, the poem even fakes the scholar’s tears. He will weep, while in reality this will never happen, since for him Baek Na-Kyum is just a nobody, a low-born, he can’t be associated with him, a noble.

This doesn’t surprise us why Yoon Seungho couldn’t help laughing at this terrible plagiarism. The new version revealed a lot about the author: a man full of himself, egocentric, vain but also very delusional (suffering from megalomania). He glorifies his actions against the painter, he considers himself like a god. All the expressed emotions are fake (the weeping, the restless mind). No wonder, when the powerful noble visited him, he knew how to stroke the man’s ego, while making fun of him. Yet I have the impression that the main character didn’t perceive the whole dimension of the scholar’s perversity. From my perspective, the noble didn’t understand really what “the well is like my mind” signifies. When I read it for the first time without knowing the original, I felt that the well was just a representation of the scholar (“narrow-minded”), however after reading the original, I came to a different interpretation. I doubt that the aristocrat truly perceived the real message behind this verse, he just thought that the teacher was just rejoicing about his huge influence on the painter. He is still unaware of the brainwashing, the physical, mental and emotional abuse which Baek Na-Kyum was exposed to.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My Reddit-Instagram-Tumblr-Twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and for the support, particularly, I would like to thank all the new followers and people recommending my blog.

Painter Of The Night: Yoon Seungho’s long fight and struggle (part 1)

This is where you can read the manhwa.  https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. If you want to read more essays, here is the link to the table of contents:  https://bebebisous33analyses.wordpress.com/2020/07/04/table-of-contents-painter-of-the-night/

The chapter 48 marks a turning point in the relationship between the wealthy noble Yoon Seungho and the low-born Baek Na-Kyum. If we look back at the evolution of their bond, we will notice a certain pattern. Everything is related to the scholar’s teaching and the following doctrine based on seven rules:

  1. The artist can’t be associated to sodomy.
  2. He is not allowed to paint erotic paintings.
  3. He can’t admit to be a homosexual.
  4. He isn’t permitted to have sex with a man.
  5. He is not allowed to concede that he feels pleasure, when he has an intercourse with a man.
  6. He is not authorized to question the teacher’s words and actions. He has to obey him blindly.
  7. He is not permitted to fall in love with another man.

As you can observe, the 7 laws Jung In-Hun imposed on the low-born through the coercive persuasion, the scientific term for “brainwashing” represent the different barriers Yoon Seungho has to overcome. The 7th rule is the final step before removing Jung In-Hun’s indoctrination for good. This is important since it explains why the lord had to fight right from the beginning. Furthermore it explicates why Baek Na-Kyum had chosen Jung In-Hun as his true love. By doing so, the painter would follow the scholar’s rule. He would never have sex with a man, since the teacher hates homosexuality. On the other hand it allowed the artist to remain true to himself. It was his subterfuge to give up on his own identity and personality.

The first barrier: The painter rejected the noble’s offer, when he remembered the main lead’s reputation. He can’t be associated to a sodomite hence he lied about his identity. Therefore the seme was forced to take the man with him and pressured him until the painter gave in. He had to admit that painting was his way to survive. Notice that Yoon Seungho cornered him to concede this.

The second wall: The master blackmailed the artist in order to have him worked as his painter, when he noticed that his pressure was short-lived. We shouldn’t forget that the painter tried to flee in the chapter 4. Fortunately, the seme discovered the poem and his admiration for the noble Jung In-Hun. So he used the teacher as leverage. First, he made an offer: paint for me and your learned sir will get a high position. (chapter 7) Notice that in order to force the painter to violate the scholar’s rules, the noble had to use stratagems that didn’t require a lot of strength in the beginning: some little menace and the blackmail. Yet, the manhwaphiles can detect that the thread keeps growing as well. The aristocrat already has to use his power (influence and money) in order to corner the painter (chapter 7) which shouldn’t be neglected. It did represent a lot: a roof and free food for the low noble.

Since it wasn’t enough. The powerful main character had to exert his own strength and body to touch the painter’s mind and body. Note that the noble invited 3 nobles to his sex session in the chapter 8 and this is no coincidence. He had to demonstrate his stamina and charisma to arouse Baek Na-Kyum and he did succeed. The artist wished to replace the two ukes thereby he was so excited that he had to masturbate right after. I am quite sure that the innocent protagonist hadn’t done it before due to the scholar’s preaching. So the chapter 9 marked another progression. Baek Na-Kyum disrespected the rule 3 for the first time on his own. He can’t admit to feel attracted to another man, to be recognized as a sodomite. That’s why the masturbation represented a compromise. Since he was alone, nobody would know about it. As you can detect, little by little Seungho is removing all the rules set by the low aristocrat. But the higher the rules are, the more Yoon Seungho needs to use force.

Let’s take a closer look to this evolution. The increasing use of violence is linked to Jung In-Hun’s presence at Yoon Seungho’s mansion. After being invited to Yoon Seungho’s mansion, the jealous scholar had to remind the commoner of his obligations. (rule 2) Surprising is that due to his interaction with the main lead, Baek Na-Kyum had somehow started thinking on his own, using his own critical thinking therefore he reprimanded the rich master for his cruel behavior towards the servant who got killed. In that moment, Jung In-Hun had to put him back to his place. He admonished the painter harshly for his criticism. As a low-born, he was not allowed to make such comment. (chapter 10) From my point of view, the chapter 10 not only reveals the huge influence Jung In-Hun has on the painter, but also illustrates the growing influence of Seungho on the artist. The master’s words and actions did shake the rule 6. But it wasn’t enough to remove this wall hence Baek Na-Kyum accepted the low noble’s reproach and remained silence.

Due to the incident with the ruined creation, the commoner got punished. This time, the main lead used his own physical strength directly on the artist (slapping and blocking the painter’s mouth). (chapter 11) Compared to the past where he just pushed the low-born away, his gestures in the chapter 11 displays the increasing use of Seungho’s force. But the master felt remorse hence later the painter was only scratched by the master. Nonetheless, let’s not forget that Seungho had already set his eyes on the painter. He wanted to taste the artist. As a first conclusion, the lord had only removed the rule 1 and 2. At the end of the chapter 15, the noble is facing another hindrance, the rule 3: his denial of his homosexuality. Therefore the masturbation in the chapter 16 marks the first step in order to destroy the rule 3. Notice that the noble was annoyed, when the artist gave the false excuse that he was tired in order to avoid the noble. So he somehow “attacked” Baek Na-Kyum by hugging him and grabbed his penis. (chapter 16) Let’s not forget that he didn’t ask for the commoner’s permission. That’s why the painter cried in that scene. The latter knew that he was violating the rule 3, yet the seme saw that Baek Na-Kyum was aroused and felt pleasure.

Since the lord knew about Baek Na-Kyum’s affection for his teacher (chapter 7), he was well aware that he needed to wait for the right opportunity. When the main character witnessed the fight between the low-born and Jung In-Hun (chapter 19), he was already on his guard waiting for a signal which appeared in the form of the stolen bottle. He seized the opportunity to meddle between Jung In-Hun and Baek Na-Kyum. He needed to squash in between these two men.

So when he appeared in front of the painter, the artist was hallucinating because he had revealed to his scholar that he had broken the rule 2. Besides, he was violating the law 6. We shouldn’t forget that from the chapter 8 on, the painter started disobeying the low noble. First he justified his violation by claiming that this was for the scholar’s sake. Then in the chapter 10, he expressed his own mind in front of the teacher, however it concerned Yoon Seungho. Finally in the chapter 19, we see the painter for the first time talking back to his “master”.

Chapter 19

He rejects the teacher’s criticism that he was the one who seduced the main lead. Pay attention that the low-born voiced his own thoughts for the second time in front of the arrogant “peacock”. As the manhwaworms can sense, the rule 6 is more and more shaken, the longer Baek Na-Kyum is living under Yoon Seungho’s roof.

Striking is that their “first night” represents a violation of the rule 3 and 4. This explains why Baek Na-Kyum has every reason to deny the presence of Yoon Seungho in his chamber. By acting as if he was delirious, the painter found a subterfuge in order to deny his homosexuality and his love for a man. This was supposed to be addressed to the scholar, yet the painter was well aware that the scholar would never accept him at all. That’s why the readers get images from Baek Na-Kyum’s perspective and it is quite clear that the artist never saw Jung In-Hun. (chapter 21) In fact, he was attempting to deceive himself and the noble. During their night, Baek Na-Kyum was well aware that this could only remain a dream because if he admitted it as a reality, then this would signify that he was conceding his own sexual orientation and even his attraction to Yoon Seungho which he felt very early on (chapter 2, 6, 8-9, 13-16). Therefore I come to the conclusion that the artist somehow knew what happened during that night but chose to act as if the noble was Jung In-Hun. Later he repressed his memories and even ignored them so that he would act as if he was still following the teacher’s doctrines. (chapter 21).

As a conclusion, from the chapter 1 to 21, the rules 1 and 2 were removed, whereas the laws 3 and 6 were just shaken. This is important because it justifies why the noble has to use more and more force in order to get what he wants.

However, their first night marks a pivotal moment for the noble as well. While in the past, the main reason for inciting the artist to break the rules set by Jung In-Hun was rationalized by the main lead’s desire to have erotic paintings, the motivation started shifting, the master felt more and more attracted to the artist. We could say that the reason for Seungho to pressure the painter was the noble’s libido till the chapter 20. The moment the protagonist feels love for the first time, his motivation changes. He is no longer looking for a sexual satisfaction but for warmth and affection. The discovery of Baek Na-Kyum’s purity left a huge impact on him.

In the chapter 21, Yoon Seungho made love for the first time. He experienced something totally new. For the first time, he had an intercourse with a virgin and they made love. Secondly Baek Na-Kyum had kept his chastity because he was determined to remain faithful to his love Jung In-Hun. Since the low-born was deeply in “love” (For me, this is not a real love) with his teacher, it was as if he had made a vow of fidelity and chastity. Yoon Seungho discovered someone so pure and innocence, although the latter painted erotic images and came from a brothel. Imagine what the lord must have felt. He met someone so pure despite his filthy surroundings hence he stands so much in contradiction to Jihwa. The red-haired noble never confessed his love to his childhood friend and he never said that he kept his virginity for him, out of love. In the painter’s chamber, (chapter 21) Yoon Seungho heard a love confession, got hugged and kissed tenderly and there was someone crying out of happiness because of him. For the first time, he saw that tears could be related to happiness and he could affect someone positively. That’s why he reacted by kissing the painter’s eye and tears. (chapter 21) Although he knew that it was just an illusion because Baek Na-Kyum had confessed to someone else, he hoped deep down that the painter would love him, if he remembered their night today. He tried to trigger his memory through different tricks (like here with the book) but he failed (chapter 23). Yet he showed a certain patience as he didn’t pressure the artist to paint their night immediately, he gave him time. He imagined that once Baek Na-Kyum remembered their night and painted it, it will become a reality, a proof that this was not an illusion. But because of the coercive persuasion, Baek Na-Kyum tried to repress his memory. He had to if he wanted to keep following the scholar’s rules. The painter chose to ignore the images he had since it meant that he hadn’t kept his vow. All this time, Yoon Seungho has no idea about the true nature of the relationship between Jung In-Hun and the low-born. First, he believes to see it as a crush, then he witnesses the depth of the painter’s feelings. This is important because from that moment, the main motivation for the lord will be love and no longer his libido. This will be his goal which will give him the necessary strength to remove the other rules: 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

Yoon Seungho imagined that since he took the painter’s virginity, the latter would give up on his love and focus on him, but it didn’t happen. The painter had to as he had been formatted to respect the teacher’s doctrines. That’s why even when the lord forced himself on the artist, the commoner still whispered the scholar’s name. (chapter 25) The rape represented the ultimate use of violence which kept increasing from the start. But the noble failed as he was not able to remove the rule 4, 5 and 6. Yet he did achieve something which I’ve realized only now. For the first time, Baek Na-Kyum was admitting that he loved a man and he could no longer the excuse that he was under the influence of the alcohol. So at the pavilion, the artist violated the law 3 (being a homosexual) as he confessed his love for Jung In-Hun.

That’s it for today. I’ll write the second part later.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My reddit-Instagram-tumblr-twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and for the support, particularly, I would like to thank all the new followers and people recommending my blog.

Dine With A Vampire: Master and Monster

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/dine_vampire  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

In my first analysis about Dine With A Vampire, I pointed out that the vampire Park Chi-Hwan was behaving more like a human than the real humans Joo Sooin and Kwon Sungha because he showed more empathy and care for Joo Sooin than the human Sungha. Besides, Sooin had become a zombie due to Sungha’s hatred for homosexuality and the latter was in fact the real monster due to the emotional and physical abuse he perpetrated on the main lead. Now, I would like to examine the chapters 12 and 13 because both revolves around the new relationship between Sooin and Chi-Hwan. What are they to each other? Who is the master and who is the animal, the monster, in their relationship? This essay will try to answer this question.

What caught my attention in the two chapters is that the long abuse experienced by the main lead totally changed his perception about himself. He judges himself as a monster because he is a homosexual. That’s why he keeps using the words “weird” in the chapter 12 and in the chapter 13, he calls himself “a pervert, a fag”. Imagine, he is actually insulting himself. He sees himself as an anomaly, as a monster who is not allowed to exist. Hence he can’t attract attention. We shouldn’t forget in the chapter 10 and 11, Sooin felt so uncomfortable with the new clothes and the number of dishes proposed by Chi-Hwan because he was asked to choose. Since Sungha took away his freedom, our main character lost his ability to say what he truly likes and desires. The last image above illustrates the impact of the violence used on Sooin. It becomes clear that Sungha truly destroyed Sooin’s personality and identity. Just like Baek Na-Kyum (the main lead from Painter Of The Night), Sooin can’t voice his true desires and thoughts properly. Notice that there are a lot of pauses in his sentences, when he speaks. Besides, he uses the same idioms (pervert, fag) than the manipulator Sungha so that we can conclude that the former friend used coercive persuasion. The outburst of his self-hatred was caused by the single words said by the vampire: Striking is that the moment he hears this sentence, he starts mistaking the vampire for Sungha. Note that he is not even looking at his sex partner, because he hid his eyes with his arm. This reveals the importance of the gaze once again. Sooin can’t look at Park Chi-Hwa as he fears to see his own reflection in the vampire’s eyes. Will he see himself in the man’s gaze as a monster? Here, I feel the need to elaborate Jean-Paul Sartres’ theory about the gaze.

In Sartres’ theater play “No Exit” (“Huis Clos” in French), the three protagonists Joseph Garcin, Inez Serrano, and Estelle Rigault, are dead and their damned souls are brought to the same room in Hell where there is no mirror. As they are locked inside by a mysterious valet, they are confronted with their own reflection through the gaze from the others. Here, in this deformed reflection, the three sinners are unable to accept what they see that’s why at some point Garcin concludes that “”hell is other people” (“l’enfer c’est les autres”) because the judgement perceived through the gaze of people makes it unbearable for the “sinners”. They avoid the gaze because they can’t face their own wrongdoings and flaws. In other words, the gaze serves as a mirror, however there is a lot of subjectivity in it and the gaze doesn’t truly reflect the reality. Here, Joo Sooin never sinned but he was sent to hell due to Sungha’s gaze containing hatred and resent. As you can detect, Sooin’s fate resembles the fate of Garcin and the others. He lived in a cage like an animal with no hope to escape, yet he was innocent. Because he spent so many years with such a terrible reflection, he kind of became “blind” and relied more on his ears. That’s why the uke’s eyes were so lifeless, when the vampire met him for the first time. It was as if his eyes had died due to the constant confrontation with Sungha’s gaze. As a conclusion, the main lead sees himself as a monster, not deserving any attention and warmth. He is still surprised by the affection the vampire is exuding towards him. This explains why the main lead started fearing the supernatural creature, when Sooin heard chi-Hwa sighing after the uke had refused to comply to the vampire’s needs (drinking his blood). He heard Chi-Hwa sighing and misinterpreted this as dissatisfaction. Observe that the drawing doesn’t show Sooin’s eyes and at the same time, he is only focused on the vampire’s voice and not his eyes. We could say that the uke is still under the influence of the brainwashing operated by Sungha. Sooin has not regained his humanity, his true identity. The so-called monster is still under the ruling of Sungha, because he rejects to fulfill the vampire’s need due the ex-friend’s ideology. The innocent man still fears the gaze and the gossip from others. Now you can understand why Sooin became a zombie, a monster in his eyes. He saw a bad image of himself in Sungha’s gaze but at the same time he was manipulated through the friend’s doctrine that even others would perceive him like that. At some point, Chi-Hwa gets aware that Sooin needs to look at him, so he forces the man to look at him in the eyes. This is important because for the first time, Sooin is confronted with a different gaze and judgement. He recognizes the lord, his kindness.

Striking is that the moment Sooin shows himself with the new clothes, he awakes the vampire’s appetite. Surprising are the clothes Sooin chose. They are dark (dark blue, black) reflecting his actual state of mind: almost lifeless, very pessimistic. So the vampire’s excitement is not caused by the colors, rather by the form of the collar revealing his neck and his chest. This is very alluring for the supernatural creature. In Park Chi-Hwan’s gaze, the main lead is definitely no monster but a delicious meal. That’s why he gulps loudly and his fangs come out. He wants to taste the man’s blood. In this moment, Chi-Hwan seems to follow his instincts hence he approaches Sooin. It was, if the vampire’s true nature would surface, he is a monster led by his blood thirst. Remember that Park Chi-Hwa even described the vampires as predators or parasites, so one might say that they are indeed monsters. So do we have two monsters here?

While the main lead judges himself as a monster, Park Chi-Hwa calls him “master” and treats him as such. He listens to Sooin’s excuses and wishes. When the uke refused to give him his blood in the cabine, the supernatural creature questioned himself. The readers can witness how the so-called monster reflects on his behavior. He even kisses the man, comforts him twice, when he realizes the traumatized state of Sooin. He knows the importance of Sooin’s well-being. In the vampire’s eyes, the human is so precious and delicate as he represents his source of energy and life. Sure, he needs his blood thereby one might argue that Sooin is just a prey, the vampire’s meal and not a master. The reader could even confirm this judgement, Park Chi-Hwan is a monster because in the chapter 13, the author chose to reveals the creature’s inner thoughts showing his beastly nature. He wants to devour Sooin. All his thinking revolves around food and even death, the manhwaphiles can detect the brutality in his language. I chose as illustration the following image since it represents the peak of his hunger. The readers can even sense the increasing of his bestiality as the expressions are getting more and more violent: “I want to devour him”; “I just want to rip him open” … “and devour every part of him”. We have the impression that the vampire’s animalistic instincts are growing to the point he could lose the control of his bestiality. However at no moment, he changes his behavior. I feel that while his thoughts indicates the awakening of his “monstrosity”, he acts more humanly in reality. He stands in opposition of Sungha, who gave up on his humanity and his reason. He let social standards and religious doctrines ruled his behavior and his thoughts.

My point is that Park Chi-Hwa followed all the requests Sooin had in the chapter 12 and 13. One might dispute that he rejected to have a fellatio in the cabine, as Sooin wanted. However, his proposition to do it home represents the compromise between the concerns the uke expressed before (people might hear his voice, his fear of people) and the request Sooin had. All this mirrors how caring and attentive the vampire is. He might be an “animal”(when we analyse his thoughts), nonetheless he never lets his instincts cloud his reasoning and judgement. At no moment, he acts like a monster towards the human. Like I mentioned before, the vampire treats the human like his master. However, if you take a closer look at the following image, this reflects their relationship: Sooin is the master, yet he is below the vampire as if he was inferior to the vampire. Furthermore, the creature gives the order: “Suck it”. Besides, the man calls Chi-Hwa “sir” and this is how someone addresses to a master. So in my opinion, both are masters. The vampire is helping the man to become a human again, he is helping him to get a personality and identity. He knows that the man needs to discover that his homosexuality is something natural, that he is first a human. That’s why he promises Sooin to let him forget Sungha. For him, Sooin should never define himself based on his sexual orientation. They live in symbiosis, in perfect harmony. Sooin is receiving love, warmth for the first time and the other can finally enjoy life too. He is no longer living like a vampire but like a human because he shows his human side to Sooin. As conclusion, both are masters and monsters, although it is only a matter of time, until Sooin becomes a real human who can express himself perfectly and know his taste.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support. Tomorrow, I’ll post about Painter Of The Night again.

Painter Of The Night: Needs and Desires

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/painter But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. If you want to read more essays, here is the link to the table of contents:  https://bebebisous33analyses.wordpress.com/2020/07/04/table-of-contents-painter-of-the-night/

It would be great if you could make some donations/sponsoring: Ko-fi.com/bebebisous33  That way, you can support me with “coffee” so that I have the energy to keep examining manhwas. Besides, I need to cover up the expenses for this blog.

This will be the final analysis about the chapter 46. While reading this episode, the final scene caught my attention. We see Baek Na-Kyum masturbating himself for the second time. When I saw this, I decided to compare it to the first masturbation in the chapter 9. By distinguishing the divergences, the manhwaphiles will be able to observe a progression or not. Yet I am glad that I decided to postpone this essay because the chapter 47 had an impact on this topic.

Now let’s go back to the first masturbation. (Chapter 9)

It happened right after a sex session, to be more precise, the artist had witnessed a threesome (chapter 9). The low-born couldn’t wait any longer hence he abruptly left the lord who wanted to see the new creation. (Chapter 9) Baek Na-Kyum excused himself with a lie, he would show him when the work would be finished. However, the true reason for his departure was his erection. Notice that he is using the paper to hide his erected phallus. He was also on his knees before, when Yoon Seungho approached him. The cause of his sexual urges is revealed with the following drawing. (Chapter 9) This drawing represents the painter’s perspective. As you can see, the painter’s eyes are focused on the lord’s hand touching the butt and anus. From my point of view, he is imaging the lord’s touching him. This time, the artist is conscious and can no longer repressed his sexual desires. Later, his gaze focuses on the other uke, the one penetrated by our main lead. Here, it is quite clear that the artist wishes that he had replaced Min. (Chapter 9) In both cases, the painter never painted the sex partners’ faces properly so that it would easier to imagine for him to switch places with them. All these zooms reveal the growing sexual desires. That’s why he feels the need to masturbate, as he can’t repress this urge any longer. This didn’t escape Yoon Seungho hence he couldn’t help himself smiling. (Chapter 9) Although the painter had been quite rude and left him behind, the lord wasn’t bothered. In fact, he was pleased that he had indeed affected the artist.

Remember what I said about this scene. The masturbation happens right behind the door, since he wants to hide his homosexuality. Notice that the man is on his knees and hiding his eyes with his arm. It was, as if the door was not enough, he is refusing to see himself masturbating. (Chapter 9) This position displays his denial about his sexual orientation. His body covers his phallus and his gesture. (Chapter 9) His eyes might be open but his spirit seems to be elsewhere. He is not really looking.Because the readers never see his gesture, they can not be certain. Hence Byeonduck had to draw a picture with his erected phallus showing his masturbation. Striking is that the moment he feels that he is about to climax, he closes his eyes. Here again, this reinforces the statement that Baek Na-Kyum is determined to refuse to face reality and deny his attraction for a man, for the noble. (Chapter 9) When the sperm comes out, it lands on the floor. This is quite important as it illustrates the artist’s attitude towards the semen. He considers it dirty and filthy hence he makes sure that his hand doesn’t get soiled. That’s how much he despises himself and his needs but he can no longer repress these urges. He prefers closing his eyes, masturbating behind a door and using his body to cover his filthy gesture so that no one can ever witness it. But he is too focused on his needs that he forgets that he is making noise so that Yoon Seungho knows what he is doing. At the end, you sense the low-born’s despair and disgusted attitude with his final position. (Chapter 9) The manhwaworms feel his strong refusal to admit his attraction towards the noble, his sexual arousal and his sexual desires towards Yoon Seungho. The painting had such an effect on him, it awoke his repressed sexual desires.

Now, if we look at the masturbation in the chapter 46, the manhwaphiles can detect the huge change. Now, he is no longer hiding his gesture with his body as he is lying on the floor on the side. (Chapter 46) However, he has still a position where it is still protected. If someone came from the side, they wouldn’t detect immediately what the low-born is doing. This can be explained that there is still some shame left but it is now related to his perception that homosexuality is a synonym for prostitution. That’s why he is still reserved. On the other hand, the semen doesn’t land on the floor but on his hand which shows that he no longer feels disgusted.(chapter 46) Some readers complained that he didn’t wash his hand before falling asleep. Yet what they failed to realize is that this proves that Baek Na-Kyum no longer perceives sperm as dirty and filthy. This symbolizes a huge step forwards. Now, if we compare the two masturbations, the readers will notice another huge divergence: the chronology of the drawings of Baek Na-Kyum with closed or opened eyes. In the chapter 9, we had first the painter with opened eyes as he was lost in his thoughts and the moment the ejaculation was about to come, he closed his eyes. Here, we have the opposite, first the closed eyes. (Chapter 46) The reason is simple: he is not lost in his thoughts, quite the contrary. All his thoughts are revolving around the master confirming the change of his attitude. He is no longer denying his attraction towards the noble. That’s why the author lets the manhwaphiles see the images he has in his mind. What caught my attention here is that the painter had visions of the moments, the lord made love to him. (chapter 42) (chapter 46) In the last picture, this happened right after the painter had made a sort of confession which triggered the lord to become more vigorous and passionate. This shows that he sensed the lord’s affection but he can’t define this as such yet.

Surprising is that the moment he feels the ejaculation, he opens his eyes. He is astonished by his reaction. (Chapter 46) The kiss triggered the climax indicating that the kiss, full of love and passion, moved him so much. He sensed the lord’s love stronger here. Since his eyes are wide-opened, it clearly shows that the man is actually facing reality. He is no longer hiding, running away from his sexual desires and admitting that his feelings towards Seungho have changed. Notice that this time, he even questioned himself for this reason. Why could such a kiss provoke such a reaction? He is now looking for an answer, he is no longer running away. He wants to discover the truth.

The final difference is that the painting was the trigger for Baek Na-Kyum to masturbate in the chapter 9, while here it is the opposite. The paper is still blank. However, the next morning he presents a new painting to the lord. So the masturbation and the memories with Yoon Seungho did trigger him to paint. In other words, Yoon Seungho inspired him. (Chapter 47) What caught my attention in the new drawing is that he didn’t select the memory we saw: (chapter 46) The low-born chose the position when the lord complained about the artist’s poor techniques. In this situation, it reflects the artist’s state of mind. Since he considers himself as a prostitute, he felt the need to choose such a position: The picture should mirror his actual situation (whore). That’s why the comment from Deok-Jae hurt the painter so much. He saw it as a confirmation. Besides, the lines in the painting seem uncertain and in the middle there are traces so that we feel Baek Na-Kyum’s lack of confidence and his hesitation. We have to imagine that he didn’t paint for some time.

However, I feel that despite this choice, the painting reflects the artist’s positive transformation. The size of the paper is bigger. Secondly the artist’s body is now as big and important as the noble’s. Both are in the center, while in the picture of Jung In-Hun’s inauguration, he was so small, even in the other drawings. (Chapter 41) Furthermore, his face is more defined. Now we are able to see his eyes, unlike in the past, where he had no face and as such no identity. This drawing symbolizes something important. Little by little, he is gaining a new identity. Therefore the readers shouldn’t judge this picture as something bad, even the noble was pleased. The painter created a new picture on his own (without any clear order from the seme) although it has become clear that the aristocrat no longer needs the pictures. For Seungho, it represented a huge step because the picture was bigger and more detailed than the former ones. He saw as a improvement of their relationship. Sure the artist had another reason for this picture. It was an attempt to be perceived as a painter and not just as a prostitute. But like I wrote in another analysis (Drawings and emotions, part 1), each picture reveals the commoner’s emotions and state of mind: a painter and a whore, yet he has eyes now. He is no longer denying his homosexuality.

That’s why I would like to conclude this essay with the following advice. Despise the pain and the sadness, try to notice the positive details in the future because so far in each chapter of the second season, I could perceive a progression, although the painter doesn’t feel like it. It is part of a painful process: maturing is never painless. The moment he will lose his innocence for good, he will become a man and will be able to face adversity. He just needs a guide to help him to go through this phases. Unlike Candide who had to find his dream in life on his own, Yoon Seungho will be by the painter’s side to protect him and give him a new goal in life. They both save each other.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My Reddit-Instagram-Tumblr-Twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and for the support, particularly, I would like to thank all the new followers and people recommending my blog.

Painter Of The Night: Drawings and emotions (part 2)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

In the first part I explained the role played by the painter’s emotions and unconscious in his inspiration and creativity. Moreover I also outlined the significance of Yoon Seungho in the artist’s work after their first meeting. Due to their mutual attraction, Baek Na-Kyum was able to paint again and demonstrate his talent. We have to imagine that Baek Na-Kyum was totally exposed to physical and emotional abuse for a while as he was supposed to live with the teacher. Jung In-Hun had become his guardian because he had been bribed by the head-gisaeng. Only yesterday I came to realize why the painter could repress the bad memories about his physical abuse: The Stockholm Syndrome. And this is relevant as it explains why the artist adopted such a fear of homosexuality and even talked like the scholar. Furthermore I can even envision that this Stockholm Syndrome must have affected his hands and talent. This even reinforces my opinion about the huge impact of Yoon Seungho on our low-born. Due to his attraction to the lord and the sex session, the repressed sexual desires were unleashed so that his talent was triggered. That’s why he impressed the lord so much in the chapter 2.

However in my introduction from the first part, I had explicated that this manhwa and Art shared two points. I would like to remind that Painter Of The Night has another common denominator with drawings. The story itself is made of pictures hence they also have a huge importance. Now, this will be in the center of the analysis. I actually had this idea for a long time but wasn’t sure until the chapter 46. I saw a confirmation of my theory with the latest episode. The weather and the season correspond to the artist’s state of mind.

When the teacher arrived at the mansion, it was sunny and warm. Nevertheless it started to rain the moment the teacher discovered the existence of the deal between the powerful noble and his former pupil. Imagine the rain followed with thunder represented Baek Na-Kyum’s tears and heartache because of the teacher’s rejection symbolized by the hand. This simple gesture, where the low noble used no strength, was so powerful because of the Stockholm Syndrome. Since the rain embodies the tears and the agony the thunder, I couldn’t restrain myself connecting it to the Surrealism once again as nature is often used as a representative of the unconscious and the state of mind.

“Surrealist imagery is probably the most recognizable element of the movement, yet it is also the most elusive to categorize and define. Each artist relied on their own recurring motifs arisen through their dreams or/and unconscious mind. At its basic, the imagery is outlandish, perplexing, and even uncanny, as it is meant to jolt the viewer out of their comforting assumptions. Nature, however, is the most frequent imagery: Max Ernst was obsessed with birds and had a bird alter ego, Salvador Dalí’s works often include ants or eggs, and Joan Miró relied strongly on vague biomorphic imagery.” https://www.theartstory.org/movement/surrealism/

The weather is a representation of the painter’s emotions and unconscious, however Byeonduck is the creator of these drawings and not the painter himself like in the Surrealism. In this Art movement, the painter attempted to unlock their own unconscious and reveal their dreams and fears unpolluted by society and their conscious mind.

But let’s go back to the season and weather. Then in the chapter 44, we witness a snow fall. It was as if the snow embodied the artist’s tears once again, yet this time the real pain is no longer existing because his heart has turned cold. He feels nothing at all hence he has no problem to ask the butler Kim to throw away the painting. The more fall and winter are approaching, the more the painter’s relationship with Jung In-Hun deteriorates. In the chapter 35, the painter is definitely hurt by the low noble’s gesture, when the latter closes the mansion door right in front of him. This coincides with the fire where the fallen leaves are burnt. The caress on the cheek equivocates to the fire, the last real warm gesture the painter received from his teacher. In the chapter 38, the artist no longer falls for the teacher’s fake stroke thereby he is able to lie to Jung In-Hun. Because of this, I came to the following interpretation. The landscape with the snow embodies Baek Na-Kyum’s actual state of mind and emotions. It was as if his heart was frozen consequently he feels nothing. However, the presence of the snowmen illustrates his innocence and his longing for companionship. He wished deep down that he wasn’t alone and had someone by his side. Yet, the painter has no idea about it. Now, you can understand why I connected Byeonduck’s drawings to the Surrealism. Sure, this is my own interpretation and nothing more. The weather and the seasons are following the same evolution than the painter’s transformation. Little by little, he starts losing his admiration for the scholar which ends with the real separation. He has been so hurt that he is like an empty shell. But there is one difference from the past. This time, Baek Na-Kyum was the one who cut definitely ties with the scholar hence the double-faced man has no idea that he can no longer use the painter as his tool.In the past, the jealous aristocrat could push him away but the painter never resented his admired sir and accepted that the teacher would return to his side without questioning his motivation behind his smiles and strokes. He had been abandoned once, hence he became a drunk. However, the painter had no grudge hence he fell for Yoon Seungho’s lie in the chapter 7. It was the same in the chapter 24, when the scholar took him and pushed him against the wall.So far he had avoided the painter, yet he needed him again. At no moment, the artist rejected the man’s advances (kiss on the hand, his head on his shoulder). The low-born always forgave the low noble.

Yet, after the chapter 44, the artist will refuse to acknowledge his relationship with Jung In-Hun, since he is just a whore and the scholar doesn’t want to be associated with him. Now, the manhwaphiles can comprehend why once I saw the landscape with snow and the snowmen, I recognized it as a confirmation for linking the weather to the painter’s emotions and state of mind. With just the rain, it wasn’t enough.

Since Baek Na-Kyum’s heart is cold and lifeless, his words said to the lord in the chapter 46 have a huge significance now. It was as if the painter was coming back to life, the noble’s warmth has finally reached his heart through his body. Consequently, the spring will announce the beginning of their real relationship, the growing love between our two protagonists.

But the rain and the snow play another role, influenced by Asian and Korean belief. The rain falling on a wedding day is perceived as a good sign for married couples, their relationship will last which coincides with our protagonists’ “Wedding night” hence Byeonduck chose to show the rain falling on the room where the couple was as the final image of the episode 21. Then we have the first falling snow witnessed by Baek Na-Kyum and Yoon Seungho. This is quite important as the Korean tradition says that if you watch the first falling snow with your loved one, this is your true love.

That’s it for today. Tomorrow the essay will be a continuation of this analysis. I’ll keep examining Byeonduck’s drawings under a different aspect. Just to let you know: this is the work of 3 hours. Gathering the pictures as illustration takes a long time as much as writing.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Painter Of The Night: Drawings and emotions (part 1)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

What have paintings and manhwas in common? Both are images drawn by creators. However, in this manhwa, paintings are in the center of the story too thereby we could say that we have two art of drawings in Painter Of The Night: the work created by the protagonist Baek Na-Kyum and the drawings made by Byeonduck.

In one of my former analyses, I had explained that each painting made by the low-born reflected his state of mind and emotions.I could mention for example the first image that the innocent man did.

Here the painter revealed how attracted he was to Yoon Seungho so that the noble was painted looking at him. This gaze turned towards the artist unveiled how the painter wished to be desired by the powerful aristocrat. Simultaneously he was revealing the lord’s fascination for him. The reason why I write that this represented the commoner’s unconscious is based on the wet dream we saw while Baek Na-Kyum was drawing. Furthermore the huge distance between Jihwa and Yoon Seungho could be explained that the artist wished, he had joined the lord and put himself between the main lead and the red-haired man. Remember that he wanted to take the sex partner’s place. As you can see, the first painting displayed a lot the painter’s unconscious, his sexual desires that’s why he had to destroy it. The image represented a proof of his homosexuality. In other words, the first drawing let the noble perceive the painter’s emotions and feelings hence he felt his own attraction. Therefore he could liberate himself from his negative image he had of himself.

In Art history, there is a movement called Expressionism where the painters wanted to exteriorize their emotions and their thoughts. This Art movement, inspired by the Impressionism (for more info, read my analysis about the difficult life of painters). This Art movement started in Germany at the beginning of the 20th Century. The artists used vivid and shocking colors and even abstract forms to illustrate their thoughts and emotions, as they were not interested in representing the reality. I chose this one as illustration.

Le Nun de Otto Dix (1891-1969, Germany) | | WahooArt.com
The Nun, by Otto Dix 1914

As you can observe, the black is the dominant color, combined with red and green. It exudes a very pessimistic atmosphere. The common denominator of Expressionistic pictures is the rather dark and angsty attitude. It indicates Otto Dix’s negative attitude towards Church and religion. First, the Church forces the nun to deny her own femininity (see the woman on the side stroking her belly), as she is not allowed to have a child. My interpretation is the following: It was as if the veil was the cause of the woman’s decay. She was somehow rotting because she can’t live like a normal human being. We have to remember that in this period, the painters sensed that something terrible would happen and they were not wrong as 1914 marked the beginning of World War I. Because of industrialization and imperialism, there was a lot of tension between European countries. The new inventions didn’t just bring progress, the scientists were also asked to develop new weapons. From cars, German invented the first tanks, submarines and even gaz bombs which would be used during World War I. I could also add another image as illustration, the famous painting from Edvard Munch, called the Scream that is often chosen as the representative of Expressionism:

ANALYSE] Le Cri, Edvard Munch

Here, again the beholder can sense the despair, the fear and negative attitude. The painter’s emotions and thoughts were influenced by their society. My point is that the paintings created by Baek Na-Kyum are somehow reflecting his emotions too. Even Seungho used a similar expression to describe the following picture: The word “vivid” is definitely characteristic for Expressionism. That’s why I connected the artist’s work with the Expressionism. Sure, the low-born lives in a different period, the industrialization had not reached Joseon yet. However, it is pretty obvious that the painter’s creations are strongly influenced by his emotions and state of mind.

But I would even go further. The painter’s inspiration is also related to his unconscious, his dreams and desires. In my analysis about the chapter 46, I explicated that the painter wished to be the teacher’s lover hence his mother sent him away and asked his admired sir to take care of him. Since all the books were motivated by his love for the learned sir, the nobles could already sense the painter’s emotions and desires in these erotic pictures. Sodomy was portrayed as something natural and lovely. This explains the painter’s popularity and why the main lead became addicted. Because of this observation, I couldn’t help myself connecting this to another Art movement from the 20th Century called Surrealism.

“The Surrealists sought to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of the imagination. Disdaining rationalism and literary realism, and powerfully influenced by psychoanalysis, the Surrealists believed the rational mind repressed the power of the imagination, weighing it down with taboos.” https://www.theartstory.org/movement/surrealism/

L'Œuvre à la Loupe : La Persistance de la Mémoire de Dalí - Le ...
Salvador Dali: The persistence of Memory 1931

As you can detect, Baek Na-Kyum’s work and the surrealism share something in common: the fight against taboos, the influence of the unconscious as a source of inspiration.

We saw how the painter had wet dreams and I used the psychoanalysis to interpret the painter’s dreams. His unconscious played a huge role in his creations, especially the first one. In my opinion, the artist had also stopped painting because the teacher had destroyed so many emotions and repressed so much his sexual desires that he could no longer produce anything. Even Yoon Seungho wondered if the painter could produce something right away and imagined that he must have lost his talents as he didn’t work for a long time. Nevertheless, the artist was able to create a really good painting right after his first sex session because the noble’s charisma did trigger his unconscious. Now, the manhwaphiles can comprehend the huge significance of the noble in the painter’s creativity.

However, the painter is facing an identity crisis. He has the impression that he is just a whore, at the same time his status is very ambiguous. He is no servant since he is wearing expensive clothes and eats fine dishes. Furthermore he is no longer allowed to work and eat in the kitchen with the staff. He has a bed reserved for a master, his study is next to the lord’s chamber. But he is not wearing any topknot, therefore he can not be considered as a master after all. Furthermore, the abandonment caused by Jung In-Hun ruined the painter’s inspiration and creativity, although the low-born already has slept with Yoon Seungho many times. Yet, what we saw was just a blank paper. I believe that the painter needs to realize the lord’s affection for him, just like he needs to realize his feelings for the main lead. The ending of the last chapter insinuated that the painter was on his way to grasp his own feelings. Notice that he is questioning himself, wondering why he keeps thinking about the lord and why he reacted like that The readers can detect that he is starting to think on his own, showing that he is no longer under the teacher’s influence: this is the evidence of critical thinking, something the seme tried to initiate in the artist. For the first time, we see him reflecting on himself. As a conclusion, we see the importance and growing influence of Yoon Seungho in the painter’s life. He was the source of his inspiration and creativity right from the start, he freed him from the scholar’s brainwashing so that Baek Na-Kyum could exercise his talent right away. That’s the reason why I was not so sad and pessimistic after reading this chapter. The main lead didn’t appear directly but through the conversation and the thoughts, he was always present. Baek Na-Kyum is a strong-willed person so that the moment he recognizes their mutual love for each other, he won’t waver due to the pressure caused by his scandalous relationship with the powerful noble. The publications showed his determination to show homosexuality as something natural and beautiful. Finally, I could reveal the importance of the painter’s emotions and unconscious in the artist’s creations.

That’s it for today. I still have more to say.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Painter Of The Night: Baek Na-Kyum’s future (part 3)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

In the second part I explained that the painter’s last escape was the result of a spontaneous and instinctive decision. However the more he thought about his destination and his future, the more he was reminded of his past where the closest persons to him chose to push him away and cut ties with him.

While running, he got aware that he had no one he could turn to thereby his regained freedom had no more meaning. We have to imagine that for Joseon people having no roots and no relative as guardian is perceived as a terrible fate. Even nowadays in South Korea being an orphan is a huge stigma. Now consider this in the past, the stigmatization must be even stronger. This explains why Baek Na- chose to return to the mansion. What caught my attention is that he loved the brothel because of his good relationship with the gisaengs. When he was pushed away by his adoptive mother, the latter picked Jung In-Hun as his mentor and guardian. Notice that the scholar is welcoming him with open arms. So for Baek Na-Kyum, home was associated to people. In other words, the synonym for home was family. Nonetheless he was abandoned by people. That’s the reason why he decided to return to the huge property. We could say that he dropped the idea that home meant family. For him, home has a different meaning now. Home has become a place, a location where you can be protected from the most important needs (bed and food). At least he has a home where he can rest and feel protected. That’s why he says the following to the lady why he made up his mind to remain at the mansion. He can sleep and eat well, he recognizes the advantages accompanying his stay at Yoon Seungho’s mansion, furthermore he can not be abandoned like in the past. Even if the lord loses his interest in him, he could work as a servant, that’s exactly what he is thinking. His abandonment issues forced him to redefine the signification of home. As a conclusion, the painter never chose to return because of the protagonist Yoon Seungho who is perceiving him as his “bride”, although right now his status reminds us more to the one of a concubine.

Now if we compare the dishes he had before and in the chapter 46, the readers can observe an improvement in the quality. He is able to eat more refined dishes. Moreover he is no longer allowed to eat with the servants. He is definitely treated like an important guest. From my point of view, the elevation of his ambiguous status is linked to the confession he made to the lord before. I like it very much that this second misunderstanding led the seme to feel that he had got closer to the painter. Let’s not forget that the improvement of their relationship was caused by another misunderstanding, the erection in the chapter 35. The butler Kim had fed the young man with an aphrodisiac, yet the lord thought that the artist was excited due to his presence and sexiness. Strangely this kind of misunderstanding underlines the low-born’s innocence. Through these mistakes, the manhwaphiles are able to see the genuineness of the commoner. There is no scheme behind these misleading words. If you compare the way Jung In-Hun received him with open arms and smiles with the way the main lead is integrating him in his household, you can detect the huge contrast. While the former treated him so nicely right from the start, the other seems less welcoming on the surface. However, the teacher’s gesture was so fake that in the end he abandoned him without second thoughts. Baek Na-Kyum realized that. Despite oozing warmth, the scholar turned so cold and distant the moment he pushed him away. That’s why I would say that the main lead is choosing the right approach. Both need to learn to trust each other. The irony is that although the artist made the decision to return to the mansion because of the place, at the end of the chapter 46, he can’t help himself thinking about Yoon Seungho. So little by little, the place gets associated to the lord. From my point of view, the comment said by the head-maid of the kitchen did affect the painter. She was the one who pointed out that the master cared for him very much, although the noble never acted so caring in front of him.

What caught my attention in this chapter are the similarities between his departure from the brothel and departure from the mansion. While the head-gisaeng thought that sending Baek Na-Kyum away would become a good opportunity for the painter to get closer to his admired sir and the latter would even look after him, the outcome was totally different. He ended up in a worse situation as now he had no one on his side. The painter must have realized that leaving the noble did appear good on the surface, yet in the long run he would have to face a more terrible fate. Like I mentioned above, the mansion represents a shelter. In the past, leaving the brothel seemed to be a good decision for the painter’s bright future. The mother saw that the painter’s origins would become a hindrance to his career hence by asking the teacher to become his guardian would give a better reputation to the painter and help him in his career.

Because of the explanation of Baek Na-Kyum’s mother, it becomes clear that the painter had already started publishing his erotic paintings. They must have known that his work had become popular. Now I understand better why the artist had his work published under a pseudonym. It wasn’t just because of the topic but rather to hide his true origins. If people had known that he was raised at a brothel, his reputation would have been really damaged. They would have diminished his talents saying that he was inspired by the place. However thanks to the anonymity, the nobles imagined that the painter was an old man and never looked for him. Striking is that this chapter reveals the circumstances how the artist came to the teacher’s side and why he always listened to him so blindly. This is important since it portrays the true viciousness of the low noble.

From now on, my argumentation is mostly speculative as we have to fill the blanks with the few details we were given.

Based on the info we have, the low aristocrat was asked by the head-gisaeng to take care of the painter. I doubt that the teacher would have accepted the offer so willingly as we know for sure that he despises commoners. So the cause for his fake smile and welcoming attitude is quite simple. He was bought by the head-gisaeng. She must have given him some money which the lord couldn’t refuse. Now, I am suspecting that the purse we saw in the chapter 29 came from the head-gisaeng. I doubt that Yoon Seungho gave him money directly because the teacher would have never been so jealous of the artist. So maybe the teacher tried to publish a book of poetry too but was refused, while he saw the painter’s success and fame. He became so envious that he decided to ensure that the painter would stop painting.

What made me so furious while reading this chapter are we are discovering more and more Jung In-Hun’s lies. Remember what he told Yoon Seungho in the chapter 6. He only mentioned that Baek Na-Kyum was his pupil once but omitted to say that in reality he had become the painter’s guardian. Notice how he is diminishing the painter’s importance in his life. Secondly, he even admitted that he scolded the painter severely once, the moment he saw the content of the paintings. In my former analyses, I had already pointed out that this was a lie but the new element is that since he had become his adoptive father, he knew about the painter’s identity right from the start: he was the famous painter publishing under a pseudonym. From my point of view, the painter was inspired by his love for the teacher hence his work was so lewd and was oozing love and warmth. Remember that people keep wondering how he could create such paintings. The low noble is the origin for the publications. Now, you can better understand why the artist has lost his inspiration. That’s why he could create such a nice picture of Jung In-Hun’s inauguration and the pictures of Seungho with the painter lacked details and passion. This doesn’t surprise us that the painter is not really motivated and creative. For that he needs to fall in love with the master for real. We see a progression in that sense. First, he dreamed of sex with him, so his unconscious was telling him that he was attracted to him. Now he is even awake and remembers their sex sessions which arouse him. He could ejaculate because he sensed that lord was making love to him, when he kissed and embraced him. That’s why we are the witness of the painter’s transformation, how the lord will become his new inspiration and this will enhance his talents. That’s why Yoon Seungho’s place will become the true home of the painter: a place to rest and eat but at the same time, where he will fall in love again and become more inspired and creative than before.

That’s it for today. I have still more to say … but I can’t write for hours at my parents’ home.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Painter Of The Night: Baek Na-Kyum’s future (part 2)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

In the first part I described how the painter was affected by the abandonment thereby he lost his dream and even his passion for painting. He claims that he likes painting, yet he is not able to paint anything once alone. I also pointed out that the artist was more living in the moment as he was too embarrassed by his actual situation. The problem is that the low-born views himself as a prostitute but wished deep down he was treated like a servant so that his special relationship with the master wouldn’t be too obvious. The final observation is his acceptance of Deok-Jae’s criticism revealing his low self-esteem. At no moment he defended himself.

However there’s one thing I didn’t comment in the first part, the future role played by Deok-Jae. Although the head-servant told Baek Na-Kyum the reason behind the domestic’s disregard and harshness, I believe that the painter is not capable the scope of the servant’s jealousy and its consequences. From my point of view, the servant will serve as a tool in Baek Na-Kyum’s growth. Through Deok-Jae’s betrayal the painter will realize that the teacher’s harsh words and abandonment were caused by jealousy and were not reflecting the truth. That’s the moment the scholar will have no influence any longer on the artist.

Right now, the manhwaphiles detect that the painter has accepted the teacher’s reprimand and contempt as he considers himself as a whore. Nevertheless even in this chapter I perceive a small change in the low-born. Little by little, he’s expressing himself better. The sentences might still contain some pause, yet his sentences are much longer. Besides he is able to explain why he is no longer trying to run away. The fact that he confided to her about his final attempt and his change of mind indicates a certain emancipation from the terrible surrogate father.

What caught my attention in the episode 46 is his escape and as such the following picture. We have Baek Na-Kyum standing in front of the mansion door. Yes, this image confirms my interpretation about the symbolism of the door. The painter’s situation is always reflected through the door. First, the foot print on the snow left by him outlines his loneliness. Now he’s on his own. The teacher is no longer by his side. Nonetheless his foot print is regular hence we can say that Baek Na-Kyum was resolute in his decision. There is no hesitation based on the foot print.

But now what’s so different from before? For the first time, we see the painter opening the door himself voluntarily. If you compare it to the past pictures with the door, you’ll note that the door was most of the time opened by someone else (chapter 4: Seungho; chapter 16: by an unknown servant; chapter 19: Seungho , although here the low-born hallucinated that it was the scholar; episode 29: Jung In-Hun led him back; chapter 34: Seungho; chapter 35 the teacher closed the door in front of the commoner, chapter 41 Seungho again but this time the door is left open). In only one case, we witnessed him opening the door but here he had been forced to enter the lord’s chamber due to the protagonist’s thread. At no moment Byeonduck showed us the painter opening himself the door because he really wanted it. When he escaped in the chapter 29, he only appears in the street meeting the teacher. Moreover, Baek Na-Kyum stood either in front of the door or behind it. I would say that this characterizes the painter’s lack of freedom and passivity. He was never master of his own destiny. This is important because the image from the chapter 46 illustrates the artist’s determination to escape but simultaneously the acceptance of his own sexual orientation. He is no longer hiding it but the fact that the man just opens the door slightly indicates a certain discomfort and embarrassment. For me the positive aspect is that he acts on his own, he is no longer forced to hide or admit his homosexuality or to stay at the mansion. He chose to leave and this was his first true choice for a very long time. In the beginning he was dragged to the mansion, then he was stopped by Yoon Seungho in the chapter 4. Later he was persuaded to return by the fake scholar. He never had the freedom to choose for himself therefore we never saw him opening the door himself willingly. Therefore you can understand why I am not so sad despite the sorrow exuding from the chapter 46. Here he shows a strong will like he did in the past, when he was courageous enough to defy and even criticize the lord.

If we look at the drawings used to display his flee, we’ll notice two things. First, the author zooms on the painter’s feet for the first time. We had images focusing on the hand or the gaze but never on the feet. This is no random, Byeonduck wanted to tell us something through the zoom on the feet. The second relevant detail is the chronology of the drawings. First, she pays attention to the painer’s feet, then to his head with his thoughts. The alternation between images of the feet and the artist’s thoughts exhibits the instinctive decision of the painter. He might be resolute, yet his feet are guiding him. He is just following his intuition and this is something more spontaneous than a well planned escape. It was as if his feet were carrying him somewhere else. Notice that first his mind is associated to black insinuating that his mind was blank. He couldn’t really ponder about this decision. This sudden and instinctive decision lets him run away. However, while his feet are leading him away from Yoon Seungho’s home, he realizes that he needs to find a shelter. Only then he starts thinking deeply about his destination. That’s the reason why he slows down as the more he ponders, the more he gets aware that he has no place where he could find a shelter. He is truly alone. That’s why he stops in the street. This represents his ultimate escape and his resignation. He feels abandoned without a home. Striking is that there is no door stopping him. Although he is free, he has the impression that he is still “imprisoned” as he has no home where he can seek refuge. The author revealed through the choice of the images that Baek Na-Kyum made the decision to leave because of his instincts. Nevertheless, this flee ended with the heartbreaking realization that either his mother or the teacher had abandoned him for good.

Now, if we pay attention to the thoughts the painter had while running away, the manhwaphiles can observe a certain progression. The memories are slowly coming back to his mind. First he thinks about the brothel where he was raised, yet it is a just a black picture too. Then the last words spoken by the head-gisaeng resurface which triggers in him the memory of his adoptive mother’s gesture, the caress on his cheek, while he is crying. This is quite important because it is the pain that Baek Na-Kyum remembers the most. Her words did hurt him deeply, though she was imaging that she was acting for her son’s best interests. Since the mother asked Jung In-Hun to take care of him, the artist is also reminded of the scholar. The pain leads him to the surrogate father abandoning him. That’s why he stops walking. His feet can’t carry him any longer as he is in agony. It was as if he was paralyzed. The past determined his future, he couldn’t dream of being free as he was homeless and alone. He prefers having a home rather being on his own. The loneliness is a terrible burden for him. He is a social person hence he made two snowmen and not just one.

Later he remembers how Seungho is affecting him. For the first time, he perceives the lord in a different light. He remembers the man kissing and hugging him full of passion, deep down he sensed that the lord wasn’t just having sex with him but was making love to him. As much as the past affected him and his escape, it does have a positive effect. He might have resigned initially but he is now turning his mind and eyes towards the master. This is a good change and this will alter his future.

That’s it for today. I have still two essays to write about this chapter.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Painter Of The Night: Baek Na-Kyum’s future (part 1)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

Funny is that on the same day of the release of the chapter 46, I posted my essay titled “Dreams” and explained that Baek Na-Kyum had no dream any longer, meaning that he had no goal in life. The chapter 46 mirrors this interpretation, as it’s in the center of the focus in this chapter. The episode 46 questions the painter’s future, but this time it is from the artist’s perspective: « What am I going to do and where am I going to live? »

What caught my attention is that in this chapter the chronology is out of order. We have past, present and future all together. This mixture of different timelines in the same scene is relevant for different reasons. First it outlines the confused painter’s state of mind. Secondly it characterizes the importance of the past altering the present and future. It illustrates how the past affects the protagonist so much so that his future changes. Moreover this irregularity of the timeline shows the change in the relationship between the characters. But now it’s time to analyze closer the chapter.

First we see the artist playing with the snow by building snowmen ⛄️. This gesture illustrates the low-born’s innocence. He still hasn’t left his childhood behind. Sure, he wanted to help the servants in the first place but he wasn’t allowed. The head servant of the kitchen asked him to play but fact is that he was the one who chose such an occupation. There’s still innocence in him despite the pain and the experienced abandonment.

Besides, notice that building a snowman is related to drawing. This illustrates the artist’s creativity and how important painting means to him. He needs to create something with his hands. Striking is that he is also building two snowmen and not just one. This could be random but I feel that since there is no such coincidence in Byeonduck’s work, this could be perceived as the low-born’s unconscious wish of companionship. He feels lonely, however he desires to have someone by his side.

Now, if we pay a closer look at one snowman, we’ll notice that it reflects the artist’s inner feelings. The face expresses mixed feelings, since the eyes are expressing a certain sadness, while there is a glimpse of a smile on the mouth. The painter’s heartache has not completely disappeared, but the agony has diminished. The size of the eyes is quite interesting. The logical explication is that Baek Na-Kyum couldn’t find stones of the same size, yet I can’t help myself giving it a deeper signification. This symbolizes the transformation of Baek Na-Kyum, he is between childhood and adulthood. The small eye refers to the childhood and as such the candidness, and the bigger one to the adulthood, as he is now able to comprehend better the world and its reality (inspired by the saying getting a bigger picture). Through the bad experience (abandonment by the teacher), he is disillusioned but not to the point where he has lost his innocence definitely. That’s why I interpret that the future attempted assassination will become a real wake-up call and will mark the pivotal moment in the painter’s life. He will lose his purity for good, his worldview will change forever. Like I said before, the painter hasn’t perceived the teacher’s true personality and his real intentions behind his harsh words. He hasn’t grasped that the scholar was so jealous and envied him that he felt the need to destroy him with his words. He still thinks that what Jung In-Hun said was correct. Later, I’ll explain the reasons for this mindset. But let’s get back to the snowman.

This occupation reveals that the painter is enjoying the moment, he is more focused on the present, hence he is able to smile while creating the second snowman. He is under the influence of the Latin saying “carpe diem” (enjoy the day).This illustrates that the commoner is trying to avoid to think about his future. This doesn’t surprise us, when the servant Deok-Jae appears and destroys his work. He can’t comprehend the harshness in the domestic’s behavior and comments. He is left speechless, feels uncomfortable hence he is sweating. Notice that while the servant kept criticizing him, he never said anything to his defense. This outlines what I explained in the essay “An easy conquest”, he is not able to express himself due to the loss of his ex-mentor and guru. Furthermore, there is another reason for his silence. He somehow believes what the jealous domestic is saying. He still views himself as a low-born and even worse, as a prostitute. The fact that he wanted to stay in the backyard with the staff shows his longing to be perceived as a servant. He feels like a prostitute but he would like to be treated like a servant so that his special position would not be detected. He feels really embarrassed, when the head maid from the kitchen outlines his special status. All this displays that he feels out of place, as if he had no real belonging. He is neither a master (he has no topknot) nor a low-born. His ambiguous situation, which was portrayed in the chapter 45, is mirrored here too, yet this time it is shown how Baek Na-Kyum feels about his unclear status. He has the impression that he is a prostitute. He is already too bothered and embarrassed about his ambiguous situation that’s why he can’t think about his own future.

Because he wanted to help, the head servant understood the painter’s reasoning and feelings hence she let him stay in the backyard. On the other hand, she couldn’t allow him to work like a servant because she knew how her master would have reacted to this situation. She had been told that the painter was no longer authorized to eat in the kitchen with the other servants. His status had been elevated by the lord. He is his partner hence he can no longer be perceived as a servant. The fact that he is no longer wearing his white headband illustrates that Seungho doesn’t recognize him as a commoner but as his lover. I would say that since he has no topknot, his status reminds me of a concubine, although it is quite obvious that for the seme, Baek Na-Kyum is his wife. From my point of view, the lord is changing his status little by little, the closer they get. Remember that there is a lack of trust between Seungho and the painter. The noble has no idea why the artist chose to give in, hence he asked in the episode 45. However I explain the sudden order from Yoon Seungho as a consequence of the “love confession” in the chapter 45. The more Baek Na-Kyum is opening up, the more Seungho is showing his true colors, intentions. But the trust is based on shaking grounds. In reality, the “I like- My lord” is a misunderstanding, on the other hand the chapter 46 reveals that Baek Na-Kyum is indeed leaning more and more on the noble, as he has no home any longer. The first reason why I associate the painter’s status to the one of a concubine is that he has no topknot like Seungho. If he had one, he could be considered as a master. Secondly, they still don’t eat together hence has the servant as companion. Finally they still don’t share the same bed during the night. They might have sex on the red and yellow bed, however they don’t sleep together during the night. Their intimacy has not reached its peak yet.

Notice that during the altercation between Deok-Jae, the head maid of the kitchen and Baek Na-Kyum, the present, past and future were here mixed, like I mentioned above. The domestic resented the painter for playing in the backyard because he had the impression that Baek Na-Kyum was showing off. In the former’s opinion, he is a low-born, nonetheless he doesn’t need to work, he can just play. The suggestion of the head maid didn’t help the artist in the end as it increased the prejudice and the resent Deok-Jae had about the favored servant. Besides, the jealous man pointed out that the “favored servant” wasn’t a master at the moment, but he could be perceived as one due the privileges the artist has. Yet the envious man was somehow making fun about this (“might”), as if this idea was so ridiculous and impossible. Notice that at no moment, the painter spoke for himself, defending his actions and his innocence indicating that what Deok-Jae said about him was how he views himself. He has such a low self-esteem. He didn’t voice one complain (even the destruction of the snowmen), he let the domestic criticize him because he even feels lower than the servants: he is indeed a prostitute. That’s why he can’t think about his future and he is not even focused on his painting too. Hence the readers saw no new painting in his bedroom. The paper is blank and the artist is focusing on masturbating. He has no inspiration, no motivation. Even the sex with Seungho is not motivating him at all. This picture symbolizes the confusion and the sense of loss of the painter. It was as if his passion for painting had been lost by the teacher’s words: he is just a prostitute. That’s why he can’t think about his own future because even in the present, he feels empty.

That’s where I would like to end this first part. I have more to say but this will be written later.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Painter Of The Night: Dreams (second version)

This is where you can read the manhwa.  https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. If you want to read more essays, here is the link to the table of contents:  https://bebebisous33analyses.wordpress.com/2020/07/04/table-of-contents-painter-of-the-night/This is where you can read the manhwa. 

Dreams play a huge role in people’s life since they serve as motivation and goal in order to become happy like for example The American dream. As you can observe, dreams have a strong connection to happiness, yet simultaneously to illusion too. When we sleep, dreams appear in our mind revealing our unconscious. Dreams allows us to escape from reality, because in dreams, there are no rule and no limit. This explains why dream has for synonyms goal and illusion.

In other words, dreams can become a source of beatitude, especially when it becomes a reality. On the other hands, they can be a source of misery, when the person realizes that everything was just an phantasm, and it can never turn into a reality, because in real world there exists limits and rules. Therefore it’s important in order to achieve a dream and as such to become happy to take into consideration facts and limits. I had already analyzed Baek Na-Kyum’s dreams, the daydream in the chapter 2 and the wet dream in the chapter 6, in another essay. However both were influenced by the perception he had about Yoon Seungho and his attraction for that noble. In the analysis, I had pointed out that they reveal his repressed sexual desires. Nonetheless, the manhwaworms are well aware that Baek Na-Kyum felt that the lord was attracted to him, and he sensed the lord’s desires. Interesting is that these “illusions” became a reality, since the master became the painter’s sex partner and “husband”. Striking is that our artist is far from happy because his dream was to become the teacher’s bride.

  1. Baek Na-Kyum

The existence of these contradicting visions reflects the huge impact the coercive persuasion had on the low-born. Since the latter was no longer allowed to be attracted by men, he projected all his feelings on the scholar, as the latter was the only one Baek Na-Kyum was authorized to admire. This idea was even encouraged by his noona Heena. Thereby he was able not to lose his true self completely. That’s why the commoner could only dream of the teacher as a pure and untainted love which would never be fulfilled. (chapter 19) In other words, being the scholar’s lover could only be a chimera. So the wet dreams came true, because real facts played a role: the mutual attraction between Yoon Seungho and Baek Na-Kyum, their sexual orientation as the lord never condemned sodomy per se, while his dreams with Jung In-Hun was just a chimera, because they had nothing in common. The scholar looked down on the painter initially, but his homosexuality and his success as anonyme author of erotic paintings reinforced his jealousy and resent. The low-born embodied everything the teacher hated hence he could never fall in love with the artist.

2. Jung In-Hun

In fact, the artist represented something Jung In-Hun wished to have himself: get recognition and fame among the high nobility. Let’s not forget that Yoon Seungho wasn’t the only buyer of these erotic publications, even Min showed an interest indicating the painter’s popularity. Hence the teacher had to destroy Baek Na-Kyum, because he saw in him a hindrance to realize his own dream. This is visible in episode 10, when the learned sire incites the low-born to stop painting. In the chapter 19, Jung In-Hun expresses his dream. He would like to become rich and powerful like Yoon Seungho, the latter serves as example. Since he considers himself as morally upright and more educated, he has the impression that his dream will come true soon. He received such a good offer from the famous hell-raiser after all, even without working hard and using his knowledge.

Notice that the low aristocrat even admitted to the powerful protagonist that he was waiting for the right time (chapter 6). Nonetheless, we know that in order to live The American dream, efforts, skills and work are necessary. This illustrates that Jung In-Hun’s dream belongs to the second category, an illusion. The antagonist doesn’t take into consideration his own skills, his intelligence and his life conditions. He has no real talents (see his poor poetry skills) and his knowledge is quite shallow, as he could only become a teacher for commoners. Moreover, he’s quite lazy which was noticed by the lord. Even as a teacher, he didn’t put any effort, it was just a diversion after all. He justified his own laziness and lack of conscience that the commoners didn’t need to become literate, as they were destined to work on the fields.

Interesting is that Jung In-Hun’s vision about his future is strongly associated to fate. He has already envisaged that he’s destined to have a great career, to achieve greatness. That’s the reason why he is lazy in the end. The scholar’s entitlement is the foundation of his chimera. This explicates why he saw the artist as a threat to his own vision, for the rise of a low-born would contradict his fancy and his worldview. Through the commoner, he detected that his vision of a big career could be an illusion. Yet instead of changing his ways and his thinking, he chose to destroy the painter’s career, rather than change his own goal in life. Let’s face it: the teacher could have achieved greatness by becoming a good and exemplary teacher so that the commoners would have come to admire him. This kind of fame could have reached the ears of an influential official. But the scholar never considered it as an option, because he disdains the commoners. As he feels superior to them due to his title, he didn’t want to rely on them for his career. For the low noble, it’s important that on the surface he achieves greatness on his own. What I mean with it is that he doesn’t want to share his fame and admiration. So on the one hand he imagined that he needed the help of an influential noble, on the other side he envisaged that once he got a high position in the government, he would be able to cut ties with Yoon Seungho so that only his name would get connected to that powerful government post. Once in position, Jung In-Hun could threaten his sponsor in case the latter refused to follow his request. He thinks so highly of himself that he doesn’t realize his own shortcomings. He’s not intelligent and cunning enough to perceive the protagonist’s raillery and empty promises (chapter 7). He never anticipated that the lord would do something like that, while he had already imagined that his promise to support the lord would be just an empty promise. As a conclusion, fate and entitlement explicate why the teacher didn’t get famous in the past and why he is destined to fail.

He’s not trying to become happy in reality, his true goal is to obtain admiration, power and wealth. But with his disposition, he can never get it as he’s too weary and too self-centered. Furthermore, he’s overestimating his own abilities. His ream is just an illusion that will get destroyed the moment he lives at the capital. We could say, the low noble has been living in a soap bubble that’s about to explode. Consequently, the painting of the teacher’s inauguration will be a constant reminder of Jung In-Hun’s chimera and false hope.

3. Lee Jihwa

Now if we compare Jung In-Hun’s vision with the one from Lee Jihwa, we can sense some similarities. Just like the scholar, the red-haired noble waited for Yoon Seungho’s love, hoping that with time the latter would fall in love with him. The cheerful aristocrat dressed up and smiled in order to impress him. He was also his only sex partner, hence the young noble thought that Yoon Seungho would realize that he was privileged because of his affection. Yet at no moment Jihwa put a real effort to understand the noble. He prefers installing spies to get updated. This explains why Jihwa even cursed his sex partner after being humiliated.

This expression « filthy libertine » and Jihwa’s facial mine indicate that his love for the main lead is too superficial. He never got to know what Seungho wished and needed, as he relied on rumors and observations through others. So for the red-haired lord, time, his special position as a long friend and his title were the reasons why Jihwa never worked hard to win Seungho’s heart. In other words, Jihwa’s dream was just a fantasy just like with the scholar. The only difference is that since the main character belongs to Joseon nobility, Jihwa thought that he and his friend had something in common, too stupid to realize that Seungho resented aristocrats and used sodomy to get revenge on them. His true purpose was to humiliate them.

Just because Jihwa knew about the protagonist’s past (chapter 36), he had the impression that he understood him. He imagined, his childhood friend would only hate and resent his own family due the father’s abandonment and betrayal. He wasn’t sharp enough to perceive that Yoon Seungho saw beyond his family’s wrongdoings. Besides, he never got to know what truly happened to his childhood friend, as he was informed through Kim. For him, nobility was the real cause of his own suffering. First he got betrayed by his own family, sold as a concubine to the king, and when one of the aristocrats betrayed his family for his own benefit, the main lead’s father chose to backstab his own son and blame him for everything. Consequently, in Seungho’s eyes, nobility is a synonym for treachery, cowardice and selfishness. What Jihwa judged as common denominator represented in reality the barrier between him and his childhood friend. Yoon Seungho could never love someone from the aristocracy, though the main character has no idea about it.

This explains Jihwa’s delusion. He was too self-centered and too shallow to grasp the impossibility of his dream. Besides his passivity proves that his love for the main lead was never his true goal in life. He wasn’t motivated enough to work hard so that he could obtain the protagonist’s heart. Now the manhwaphiles are able to recognize the parallels with Jung In-Hun’s dream and illusion. Jihwa believes that if he gets rid of his rival, he will still be capable to turn his dream into a reality. He is acting exactly like the scholar, but we know that Jung In-Hun’s actions didn’t work out like he hoped. Seungho made the effort to discover the painter’s identity and to force him to paint again. The artist’s fame didn’t disappear just, because Baek Na-Kyum stopped painting. It’s the same for the lord’s feelings for the low-born. Hence there’s no doubt that Jihwa’s plan is doomed to failure. And this interpretation was confirmed in season 2. In chapter 61, the childhood friend admitted that he was responsible for his failure.

Yoon Seungho isn’t just a filthy sodomite, he’s strong and smart. He’ll retaliate against his childhood friend, and the former will judge Jihwa’s actions as a confirmation that nobles shouldn’t be trusted. This will bring the powerful noble closer to the low-born. I’m actually expecting that the attempted assassination will force the lord to open up and drop completely his mask in front of the artist.

4. Yoon Seungho

Now, we’ve already analyzed Baek Na-Kyum, Jung In-Hun and Jihwa’s dreams. What about Yoon Seungho? Did he have one? In my opinion, not really in the beginning because he was living like a zombie trying to bypass time. He just used his sex sessions to humiliate the nobles but this wasn’t a dream as such, just an occupation. For me, the main lead started dreaming the moment he discovered the erotic publications and the sudden end of these. Since Baek Na-Kyum stopped painting and Seungho was already addicted to his drawings, he made sure to get the painter and have him painted for him. Such a simple goal and yet with deep consequences.

From that moment, the master’s goal shifted little by little. At some point, he intended to taste the low-born. All these dreams or goals share the same aspect: they’re all short-term, he is not fancying something big in the distanced future, unlike his fellows Jihwa and Jung In-Hun. The explication is simple: he’s a disillusioned man, he thinks that he knows everything about life. In other words, he is not dreaming big due to his bad experiences. But he’s not prepared for the huge revelation that awaits him, when he opens the door of Baek Na-Kyum’s study. He anticipates that his short-term goal might come true, while in reality this moment foreshadows a huge change in Seungho’s mindset. He’ll start dreaming of getting love and getting married.

The real turning point in Seungho’s life is the wedding night. What the painter expressed resonated in the lord. (“I’m so happy, my heart is so full”) Although the latter said nothing, he felt the same hence he kissed the painter’s eyes so tenderly. Consequently this night symbolizes the moment where the main lead realized that love did exist and he could obtain happiness too. Since he was well aware that the love confession was addressed to the intellectual, he decided to work hard for his own dream and happiness.

His dream was to marry the uke and get his love, yet this was just a decision of his heart. This signifies that his “marriage” was not consciously done. In his unconscious, he imagined that by making the painter his official partner, he would get the artist’s heart and love. He had to struggle a lot and work hard to achieve this. Yet his goal is not reached, since he hasn’t gained Baek Na-Kyum’s love yet. So his happiness isn’t complete, which the manhwaworms could sense in the chapter 76. They are both not entirely open to each other. In chapter 45, the lord’s joy was not total, for he was not entirely satisfied. He smoked, he complained and talked a lot indicating a certain nervousness and insecurity. Their sexual encounters didn’t feeel like the one during the Wedding night. And there’s a reason for that. It was a chimera. Both protagonists were not honest to themselves.

Nevertheless imagine the effect Baek Na-Kyum’s words had on the lord, when he said “I like-My lord”. He must have felt that he got closer to his goal. He was definitely surprised but it moved him that’s why he ejaculates soon after.

What distinguishes the main character to the other nobles is that he doesn’t believe in fate or even thinks that time will come to help him. He knows that effort and work are the conditions in order to obtain happiness. That’s why the protagonist never admitted defeat, even when he was too exhausted and desperate. Even when he envisioned that the painter had betrayed him, he refused to drop his dream. The noble made the decision to never let him go. In my first version, I had expressed the idea that Yoon Seungho still had to learn that his own happiness was also dependent on his partner’s beatitude and he needed to discover what Baek Na-Kyum really wanted in the past before the latter met the fake and jealous teacher: education and climbing the social ladder through hard work thanks to his talented hands. And this observation was confirmed, for the noble realized after the abduction that he needed to treat his lover much better. He had to show true respect to the painter and not just give him food and a refuge. The abduction made him recognize his own hypocrisy. But he is still unaware of the painter’s dream and desires, that’s why he still has to improve his personality. The fact that Baek Na-Kyum wanted to learn how to read and write reveals his desire to change his social situation.

Let’s not forget that Yoon Seungho has never discovered the true reason why the painter vowed not to paint any longer. He knows now that the scholar is responsible (chapter 75), but he has no idea what the learned sir did to the artist. I’m waiting for that moment, when the master realizes what happened to his lover. He’ll comprehend Jung In-Hun’s real intentions behind the coercive persuasion. The lord will support the painter in his career to humiliate the low noble, but also get revenge for his “wife”‘s sake.

I have the feeling that sex will become a weapon, and the scholar will use it against the two protagonists. Let’s not forget that the learned sir is lazy and not smart, hence in his eyes, his goal will justify the means. Once the painter is no longer attached to the scholar, the latter can in the best case use Heena noona and send her to Yoon Seungwon. Yet, at some point, he will be on his own. Consequently, I am expecting that the scholar sells his body in exchange for favors.

“The mere sight of old, bearded men makes me shudder” (chapter 44)

Remember the warning Yoon Seungho expressed in front of the low-noble, this will come true, and the irony will be that the learned sir becomes the image he has always abhorred: a prostitute. By achieving his dream (a high position), he is forced to give up on all his principles. could be that the main lead is the one who used this for revenge.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My instagram/tumblr/twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Dine With a Vampire: What defines being a human?

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/dine_vampire  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. Here is the link, if you are interested in more analyses about this manhwa and others https://bebebisous33analyses.com/2021/06/06/table-of-contents-of-analyzed-mentioned-manhwas/

Yes, I decided to write about another manhwa which caught my attention for two reasons. While reading this story, I couldn’t restrain myself from connecting this manhwa to Painter Of The Night and to the American series True Blood which I enjoyed very much. The latter has not only vampires as a common denominator but also uses vampires as symbol for homosexuality. In True Blood, the integration of vampires in the society is a terrible process because of the fight for legalization of vampire rights, paranoia and religious extremism leading to exclusion and even persecution. All this resembles the legalization of rights for homosexuals concerning marriage and even children. Moreover, while this American series questions the values of Western societies (role of politics, morals and Churches/religion), it also makes the viewers ask what defines being a human and how humans are superior to other species. And it is the same with the manhwa. Even after a few chapters, it becomes clear that the characters are not really human or better said, their humanity is questioned.

Before examining the definition of humanity through the manhwa, it’s important to summarize the story thereby the manhwaworms can better comprehend why I came to this topic while reading Dine With a Vampire. Our main lead Joo Sooin is forced to live with Kwon Sungha, his first love and best friend in the past, because the latter has been blackmailing him with his homosexuality by taking pornographic pictures of our protagonist. In their flat Sungha torments the young man physically and emotionally.

Here, Sungha is talking to his girlfriend, the daughter of an ex-congressman with his cellphone. In this scene, he forces Sooin to tell his girlfriend that Sungha is exercising.

Sooin is so desperate that once he has the impression he will never be able to escape from this abusive relationship. However everything changes once he meets the vampire Park Chi-Hwan, his new boss. The latter discovers that Sooin’s blood is so special that he can drink it without any discomfort that he proposes to kill his terrible roommate in exchange for his blood. The poor man agrees so that the vampire fulfills his promise. After killing Sungha, Chi-Hwan brings the uke back to his home. From that moment, Sooin lives with the creature and his life seems to change for the better. Now let’s focus on the definition of human.

If we look up, this is what we find:

human: adjective

  1. of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or having the nature of people: human frailty.
  2. consisting of people:the human race.
  3. of or relating to the social aspect of people:human affairs.
  4. sympathetic; humane:a warmly human understanding. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/human?s=t

human being: noun

  1. any individual of the genus Homo, especially a member of the species Homo sapiens.
  2. a person, especially as distinguished from other animals or as representing the human species:living conditions not fit for human beings; a very generous human being. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/human-being

Based on this definition, a human being belongs to Homo sapiens and distinguishes himself from other species like animals due to his appearances and habits. Furthermore, being human is a synonym for having compassion. If we compare the definition human as noun with a vampire, the reader can detect a problem because based on the common legend about vampires, the latter used to be human beings but after their death, they came back to life. Therefore we could say that they also belong to the genus Homo but they evolved to something else.

The first difference with human beings is that a vampire is supposed to be immortal. Since he is already dead, then he can’t die. Yet both in True Blood and in Dine With a Vampire, vampires can die. In the series, they are weak to sunlight for example. In the manhwa, the vampire Park Chi-Hwan is a predator killing someone from his own kin in order to survive.

Since he can’t digest human blood which he finds repulsing, he has to eliminate other vampires in order to eat their heart and live on. In other words, a vampire can become the prey of his own brethren. Consequently, we can say that they are mortal and not invincible, just like humans. So immortality is not what really differentiates them from humans. In reality, they just don’t age but this is not obvious. Therefore I come to the first conclusion that vampires are not really different from humans. They can die and they look like humans. They might feed on humans but the latter are not aware of this because they are kind of hypnotized. That’s the reason why they don’t catch the attention of humans. The latter are usually not aware of their existence. Striking is that the introduction of the main lead in the second chapter gives us the impression that he is a ruthless monster. He has no problem to kill other vampires, shows a certain disdain for humans as well due to his intolerance to human blood. When the readers meet him for the first time, he looks cold and detached from the world. Therefore we can say that the first impressions the readers have about the vampire is not quite positive. He seems selfish, very particular and merciless. Hence we could define him as inhuman as he is not able to show any empathy and compassion for others.

Striking is that in the first chapter, the life of a vampire is compared to hell as they are shown as ruthless and brutal. What differs a human from a vampire in reality? Are humans better than vampires because the latter are actually parasites living on sucking blood from their prey? Based on the introduction of the vampire, it looks like their nature as ruthless and bloodthirsty creatures separates them from humans.

Striking is that Park Chi-Hwan reveals his true identity by showing Sooin his sharp canines. Therefore we could say that what distinguishes vampires from humans are the teeth. However this is not visible right away. This explains why vampires are difficult to discover. Nothing on the surface differentiates them from humans, although their personality could be the major divergence like I illustrated above. We could say that these fantasy creatures are not truly different from humans. In fact they have a lot in common: their origins and as such their morphology and even mortality. Furthermore humans are also predators as we are hunters too. We kill other species in order to survive. I could even say that humans are also parasites since we raise cows and chickens for milk and eggs. Here I am excluding vegetarians because historically speaking, the first Homo sapiens started eating meat before discovering agriculture. So the only big difference between vampires and humans is the aging and death due to illness that’s why their existence has something supernatural, only explainable with godly or devilish powers.

What caught my attention is that Sooin shares more common points with Chi-Hwan. While in the first chapter, vampires’ life is described as hell,

the main lead’s life is also like hell due to the abuse caused by his roommate. The irony is that although Sooin is a human based on the definition from the dictionary, the manhwaphiles can’t perceive him as a real human. He resembles more a zombie, even Chi-Hwan notices this. He describes him as « lifeless ». Furthermore Sooin has no control over his life because the abuser tells him what to do and what to say. Then if you look at the main lead’s body, you’ll notice how pale and thin he is. His eyes are also apathetic.

He is even covered with scars and marks due to Sungha’s cruelty and perversion. It was as if the protagonist had been sucked dry by his former best friend hence he looks more like a walking dead than a human. The only thing distinguishing him from a zombie is that he bleeds when he cuts his finger. Blood is the reminder that Sooin is not really dead. Striking is that the moment he accepts the deal with Park Chi-Hwan and is even willing to give his blood for real in exchange for a murder, Sooin becomes more lively. The death of Sungha seems to confirm my comparison of the protagonist with a zombie as we know that this kind of monster feeds from blood.

The main lead could even feel nothing under’s Sungha abuse. I interpret the vampire’s intervention that way. It was as if Chi-Hwan was taking away the pain and suffering brought by Sungha. I would even say that the vampire is erasing the shadow of death in Sooin’s body. The zombie can only return to his original state once the parasite Sungha has disappeared. Sooin became a walking dead due to his ex- best friend and the latter has to pay the price for his wrongdoings with his life. Funny is that both, Sungha and Sooin, are humans on the surface but lost their humanity because of their toxic relationship. Because Sungha didn’t view his friend as human but only as homosexual, he transformed him into a zombie. Strangely, the vampire has the opposite effect, although he doesn’t actually belong to the living.

Another important aspect is that Park Chi-Hwan keeps reminding Sooin of his mortality. Since Sooin is a human, he can die easily by chocking or falling hence the vampire wants to ensure that nothing like that happens. The creature fears for the uke’s life, whereas it never mattered to Sungha, which makes us see that the vampire acts more like a human than like Sungha (human = empathetic). Although the vampire is supposed to be cold as he died once, Sooin notices Park Chi-Hwan’s warm hand.

Compare the contrast between the vampire and Sungha. While the latter is a human and should be warm and empathetic, Park Chi-Hwan is in fact the one oozing warmth and showing care and compassion. The divergence is important because it already implies that the vampire will treat Sooin differently.

For the vampire, he is an important human therefore his homosexuality is irrelevant. He has no problem to accept such a relationship since blood and his life matter more than religious dogmas and social standards. Striking is that the supernatural creature even calls him master underlining who has the upper hand in the couple. Park Chi-Hwan has no problem to lower himself, to become a dog or a wolf for the human.

This indicates that the vampire is willing to renounce to be treated like a human. While this qualification displays a certain modesty, this also illustrates his determination to act like a guardian. He’ll become a wolf, a big predator, if it’s necessary, in case Sooin catches the attention of other vampires. That’s why the main lead marked Sooin as his possession through his scent. On the other hand, Chi-Hwan can become a dog if the uke is threatened by his own brethren, humans disregarding his master. Though the vampire is financially and physically stronger than Sooin, the former perceives the human as more significant because he knows that his own « life » depends on him. He is the first human being whose blood is so alluring thereby he can drink it. Notice the contrast between both treatments. For Sungha, Sooin was like an animal that he needed to tie up and put in a cage (the flat).

Both are parasites, yet for the creature of the night Sooin is more valuable because of his precious blood and humanity, whereas the uke was never a human, just a homosexual in the homophobe’s eyes. For the roommate, the main lead represented a sin, he could never see beyond his sexual orientation.

That’s why he enjoys to torment the poor man, turning him into a zombie.

As you could observe, the vampire in this story acts like a human (showing care and compassion) but at the same time, he gives up voluntarly on his status as human in order to protect his “master”. Thanks to Sooin’s blood, Park Chi_Hwan is no longer forced to kill other vampires, besides he can now feel pleasure. We could say that both perceive each other as savior. Thanks to the other, both could change their nature, one metamorphosed into a human, although it’s already announced that he’ll be a dog or a wolf for the uke in order to protect him. The other was a zombie at the beginning, yet with Park Chi-Hwan’s help, he regained his liberty and as such his humanity. Now he can choose his food and his clothes, whereas in the past his ex-best friend took Sooin’s liberty and as such Sooin’s human rights. He was ordered what to do and what to say, he was like a doll who wasn’t allowed to voice his own thoughts and emotions.

Just like in True Blood, religion plays a huge role in this manhwa. Striking is that Sooin has already lost hope until his encounter with the vampire.

The protagonist sees it as a miracle, calls Park Chi-Hwan a savior and describes his life with Sungha as hell.Hope, savior, miracle nd hell are terms referring to religion and especially Christianity. Imagine th iron, Park Chi-Hwan is like Jesus Christ for Sooin and it was as if Sungha had been acting as the Devil, Satan punishing Sooin for his sexual orientation.

On the other hand, Kwon Sungha visits Church,

seems to live like a perfect Christian so that a mother tries to set up her own daughter with the internist.

It becomes obvious that the future doctor, who is supposed to save life, is a hypocrite. Furthermore, the readers can also perceive the negative influence of religion condemning homosexuality. Sungha rejects his best friend,

curses him after hearing his love confession and starts abusing him at high school

because he represents temptation and embodies what the roommate should hate. Sooin made the friend realize that he was also a homosexual.However since he was raised in an environment where sodomy was condemned, he projected all his hatred onto Sooin. Notice that he calls his roommate filthy but he can’t help himself to have sex with him. The former even anticipates that at some point he will get rid of Sooin, the moment he gets tired of him, but it’s quite obvious that this is just an illusion and he is lying to himself. He is just a repressed homosexual who hates sodomy at the same time. Since he can’t hate himself, too selfish and too arrogant, he projects his hatred onto his roommate. In reality, he needs him hence he keeps him by his side. It was as if he could live out his true sexuality by hiding Sooin. Therefore he even plans to maintain his sexual relationship with the protagonist after his marriage. So on the surface, he lives like an exemplary Christian: he has already chosen his bride, the daughter from a rich and influential family, he is about to become a doctor and he has a good reputation. In reality, he is a sodomite with sadistic tendencies.

Now you can understand why he reminded me of Jung In-Hun from Painter Of The Night. First, they both wear glasses. This item symbolizes that these persons are wearing a mask and are not revealing their true self. Secondly, they both often smile, nonetheless they are selfish and vicious. They use moral standards and religion to insult and look down on homosexuals. Both are huge hypocrites, yet the only difference is that Kwon Sungha is himself a sodomite refusing to acknowledge his own sexual orientation. He resents Sooin so much because he sees in him the cquse of his deviation from the doctrine he has been taught. Since humanity is a synonym for benevolence, we can describe Sungha as inhuman as he is violent and cruel towards his best friend. He showed no empathy for him due to his sexual orientation. When we recall the uke’s question about Park Chi-Hwan, if the latter is a human, a person or a monster, the readers should apply this to Sungha. Is he a person, a human or a monster? The reply is quite obvious: Sungha is a monster, a parasite sucking on Sooin’s misery. This explains why the main lead’s body is covered with marks and bruises. These are the evidence of Sungha’s perverted nature, his monstrosity.

It becomes clear why Sungha is so inhuman towards the main character. For the double-faced internist, his roommate is just a homosexual. He can no longer perceive his ex-best friend as a human hence he is no longer bound to respect his human rights. Through this story, the author reminds us how important the legalization of homosexual rights is because they’re first of all humans. As humans, they should have the same rights than others: being able to find their own happiness and live openly their sexuality. It looks like Sooin could never reveal the abuse to his family since he feared the rejection and the criticism for his sexual orientation. Consequently, the main lead turned into a zombie because he was a human being in the beginning. This person can never be treated like an object as there is life in his body. blood is and was the proof of his existence, yet Sungha could never see it, too obsessed with his homosexuality and his rejection of his own sexual orientation. The vampire Park Chi-Hwan, who was introduced as a monster, acted like a real human as soon as he met the main lead and brought the latter back to life. The humans in this story appear more as different species (parasite and zombie) than the vampire himself.

As you can observe, this manhwa is interesting because it makes the readers question the definition of human and his supposed superiority. Is a vampire a human, when he helps a person in distress and shows a caring side, although he odes it out of selfishness? Or is Sungha a human because he is a mortal and sinned? Sure, Sungha is not dead and it is only a matter of time until he comes back to life as a vampire. There is no doubt that he will go after Sooin because he will need his blood and he will be attracted by him. The question is now: how will he perceive his ex-friend? Will he still resent him, especially after the protagonist ordered his death and betrayed him (in his eyes)? I doubt that Sungha will change for the better first.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support. Tomorrow, I’ll post about Painter Of The Night again. The title is: Dreams.

Painter Of The Night: The animal representing Yoon Seung-Won

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

I used the following website as inspiration for this essay. https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/duck

This is my last daily analysis about Painter Of The Night. My goal was to write one essay a day until the release of the second season and I really did it. I have still some new ideas about this manhwa, so don’t worry. I’ll still post something about this terrific manhwa. Since I was able to compare this story to many classic novels (French, Russian, British, German) from the 18th Century and the 19th Century it shows how good Byeonduck is. She has not only talented hands but also a brilliant creativity and mind. But let’s stop there and start with the new essay.

In many different analyses, I was able to compare the characters with animals. Baek Na-Kyum was a lamb due to his innocence and purity, Yoon Seungho an eagle because of his behavior: he is a loner with very sharp eyes, ruthless but majestic. On the other hand, an eagle is very loyal once tamed, this explains why he got calmer and more docile later. Then we had Jung In-Hun embodied by a peacock, a snake and chameleon, Jihwa was associated to a crane (that’s how he perceived himself) and a pheasant and Min reminded me of a snake, a magpie and a crow. The manhwaphiles could observe how I always connected birds to the nobles. Since Seung-Won appeared so little, just like his father, I had a hard time to find a bird corresponding to his personality. I simply had too few elements.

Yet because of my “sexy” brain based on @inoosyub, I think, I have found the right solution. You are more than welcome to disagree or discuss it. However, the fun will be to see if my association will be confirmed in the second season. Now, I am quite sure that you’re dying to know what kind of bird symbolizes Seung-Won.

From my perspective, it is the duck. First, I had to find a bird that is associated to beauty and vanity. Remember that I described that Seung-Won pays a lot of attention to his apparel and appearances. A duck is not considered as beautiful per se but we have the fairy tale of the ugly Duckling. Here, in this story, the ducks are conceited and perceived themselves as pretty compared to the baby swan (vanity). Furthermore, in this fairy tale the ducks are excluding a family member because of his different appearance, just like in the manhwa. Yoon Seungho got abandoned by his father and his brother. In the ugly Duckling, the duck represents the family and their intolerant behavior outlines the strong bond between the ducks and their babies resembling them. Seung-Won is indeed supported by his father, the former even speaks for the family. The duck symbolizes the family and this isn’t surprising, when in Korea, couple of ducks are offered for a wedding. One of the purpose of marriage is to continue the family heritage.

The fairy tale contains so many parallels with Painter Of The Night. We have to imagine that our poor Seungho is the swan who has to grow up on his own despite the isolation and harshness of life but thanks to his love for the painter, he is able to transform himself into a beautiful swan and get the admiration he never received in the beginning therefore I predict that Yoon Seungho’s reputation could change in the future. Sure, not right now because of his scandalous relationship with a low-born. Yet, I believe that the moment the servants witness how their master becomes a teacher and even changes his attitude, the commoners will judge him less harshly than the nobles.

But let’s return our attention to the ugly Duckling. In this fairy tale, the other animals made fun of the ugly Duckling. They must have talked behind his back too so the bad reputation Yoon Seungho has right now corresponds to the time, when the ugly Duckling hasn’t metamorphosed yet. This fits our story because like I mentioned it yesterday, the lord’s transformation is not completed yet. The lack of consideration of the duck resembles the selfishness of the younger brother who never cared for the protagonist, until he realized that he needed his brother’s support for his own career.

But there are other reasons why I believe Seung-Won has the features of a duck. When the bird waddles, it definitely attracts the attention of bystanders and we know that Seung-Won likes getting attention due to the bright colors of his robes and belt. At the same time, this bird is awkward. The younger brother is characterized by a certain clumsiness because he can’t lie very well so that his intentions are immediately perceived. He is sweating and avoiding his older brother’s gaze. Then his hands are on his knees showing his discomfort. Yet he has no problem to lie about the father’s illness and to suggest Yoon Seungho to visit his parent, well aware of the significance of this visit. He is quite arrogant to think that his brother wouldn’t catch the meaning behind this visitation. He is underestimating the protagonist because he believes in the rumors that Yoon Seungho lives in debauchery. He has the impression that his older brother is not so smart, however the way his suggestion is rejected reveals that Yoon Seung-Won knows very well how his brother became a famous sodomite. This shows that the brother is neither cunning nor smart. The duck is not considered as a smart bird, compared to the magpie or the eagle.

The other reason for associating the noble with this bird is his lack of courage. There are many expressions in English illustrating avoidance and cowardice. To duck means lower the head or the body to avoid a blow or missile. Then to duck out signifies to evade responsibility. As you can observe, “duck” is definitely linked to gutlessness which fits our second character. Let’s not forget that the brother thought that sending letters would be enough to move his brother. We have to envision that he even avoided to meet Yoon Seungho personally, until it became absolutely necessary due to the urgency of the matter. We should remember that the latter didn’t support his brother the moment he was abandoned by the father, he preferred following the father.

Furthermore, we have the expression “to water of a duck’s back” meaning that this has little or no effect. The brother’s actions had no effect on the protagonist in reality. The moment Yoon Seung-Won is about to leave, he receives a paper hand-delivered by the valet Kim. Look at the figure’s smile, he thinks that his move did succeed, whereas there is only raillery coming from Yoon Seungho. The latter remembered the words expressed by his loyal assistant the same morning.

“The younger master specifically requested that I bring back a response.”

Imagine, the brother was there but the protagonist never handed-over himself the paper, he let the servant do it. Seung-Won doesn’t even grasp the meaning behind the way the paper was delivered thereby he doesn’t realize the mockery coming from his brother. That’s why we could say that the protagonist and his brother were playing ducks and drakes with each other.

If someone plays ducks and drakes with people, they treat them badly by being dishonest with them or not taking them seriously.

The smile illustrates Seung-Won’s naivety, lack of intelligence and foresight. His call had no effect, in fact it did the opposite. It even infuriated more the seme, despite the hidden pain. What caught my attention is that Seung-Won didn’t even look at the content of the paper because in the chapter 44, he has no idea why his father is not coming out to bid farewell. The son is so filial, like a duckling following the mother obediently.

Moreover, a duck is defenseless, that’s why there is this saying a “sitting duck”.

“sitting duck”: something or someone is unprotected and vulnerable to an easy attack.

We have to remember that this kind of bird only has a small beak that is not sharp therefore it is not so dangerous like an eagle or even a swan. The latter can be aggressive and even attack people. Actually, the duck behaves the opposite. The small bird flies away or enters the pond in order to avoid the danger. In other words, the duck is not ruthless, violent and dangerous which the manhwaphiles could observe in the younger master’s behavior. Seung-Won is not really attacking his brother, he just hopes that the latter will help him. The younger master might have disturbed his brother, yet he didn’t dare to open the door, when he heard someone yelling. He might make its plumage swell through his robes in order to impress people and create the illusion that he is stronger and more resilient, yet there is nothing concrete behind the appearances. Seung-Won is not a fighter that’s why he chose the path to become an official. He imagines that once he has a position he can increase his influence and power. Yet I doubt that he will be acting on his own, he will be like the duckling following the father’s orders. We can already anticipate that he will become a lame duck.

If a politician or a government is a lame duck, they have little real power, for example because their period of office is coming to an end. I couldn’t help myself connecting him to the following

So when Jung In-Hun meets the younger master at the capital, does it mean that the teacher won’t be able to get what he wants through the naive and rather simple-minded lord? Let’s not forget that there is the following idiom: “milking a duck”.

milking a duck: An impossible task. Used in comparisons to tasks or activities that are or seem to be impossible.Trying to get a straight answer out of this candidate is proving harder than milking a duck.

In my opinion, Jung In-Hun will be become the tool of the Yoon family to a certain extent. That’s how I perceive it right now. The father Yoon can’t turn his second son into another sodomite but he needs a helper and pawn for sure. Therefore, the saying “milking a duck” could come true in some way. On the other hand, I sense that Jung In-Hun’s investigations will lead him to the father because the dirty secret is more threatening for the elder master Yoon than Yoon Seungho in reality. In other words, I have the impression that at the end, Jung In-Hun and Eldest Master Yoon will rely on each other.

As a conclusion, the duck shows many similarities to the character Seung-Won. He is coward, vain, selfish and conceited because he can not imagine how smart his brother is. I have the impression that his career won’t be so brilliant hence he needed Yoon Seungho’s support. Yet, the brother refused and when the younger master meets Jung In-hun for the civil service examination, I sense that the scholar might be able to manipulate Seung-Won letting him thinking that he has impressed his own brother. But the results of the exam will affect their relationship and their position could be switched. Seung-Won will have the upper-hand. But these are just speculations so far.

Tomorrow, I’ll post something about the new episode. Happy reading.

Feel free to comment. If you have any suggestion for topics or manhwas, feel free to ask. If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it or push the button like. My twitter account is: @bebebisous33. Thanks for reading and the support.

Painter Of The Night: The significance of clothes (part 4)

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. I mostly used the following website for the colors: https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/

This is the final essay about the clothes, where I’ll examine Jung In-Hun’s clothes and the changes occurring during the first season.

The first time we meet the learned sir, he is actually wearing a simple robe with long sleeves, just like our protagonist.

chapter 6

However, I doubt that this simplicity reflects his true personality. Remember that I mentioned that Jung In-Hun would wear an exterior robe with short sleeves, it shows that he switched his style at some point. Here, we have to imagine that the learned sir is just a poor teacher, a low noble with no wealth and connection, hence he can’t have expensive clothes. I would even say that he doesn’t own many clothes too and the fabric looks quite cheap. Strictly speaking, he has to wear such a robe, while Yoon Seungho prefers robes with long sleeves because of his naturalness. The intensity of the color reflects the luxury that’s the reason why the colors of Yoon Seungho’s clothes are more vivid than the ones from the low noble. In other words, the choice of the color mirrors his poor financial situation.

Honestly, I had a hard time to determinate his color. It is a mixture of grey with a slight glint of lavender (light purple) in it: it’s called gris de lin. “gris” in French means grey, however this color belongs to purple because “lin” (linen) is a plant with a purple blossom. In the episode 6, it looks more grey but I believe that it is due to the poor quality of the fabric. But I’ll explain the meaning of gris de lin later.

Anyway, the color of Jung In-Hun’s robe in the chapter 6 is quite similar to the ones of the children’s clothes which can only reinforce the disdain and resent Jung In-Hun has for the commoners. He abhors the idea to get associated with the low-born. What just distinguishes him from the people surrounding him is his hairdressing. He is wearing a black hat with a topknot. Even in the woods, he makes sure that his appearance diverges from the others. He doesn’t want to get mixed up with low-born.

Striking is that once he is home, the low noble takes off his hat, even his robe in front of his rich and powerful guest. You might wonder why, in particular when you know about the teacher’s pride and arrogance. You are correct to assume that this action is deliberate, he wants to reveal his true financial condition to Yoon Seungho, showing him that as a noble he is not well enough and needs the support of a sponsor. At the same time, we shouldn’t forget that the lord chose a dark purple robe with short sleeves in order to deceive the teacher too. Just a reminder about the meaning of dark purple:

Deep Purple: Dark purple is related to higher spiritual attainment. A powerful color, it can also indicate arrogance and ruthlessness.

Whereas the main lead had the intention to ooze wealth but also frivolity, the other wanted to do the opposite. He wanted to make the lord believe that he was a poor but humble man full of potential. Showing himself without his exterior robe and hat signalized that he felt comfortable around the lord and he had so little means hence he had to take off his exterior robe so that the latter wouldn’t get damaged. He doesn’t have a lot of clothes. However, the modesty the learned sir is faking is unveiled, the moment he speaks about the commoners and their education. His speech only illustrates arrogance, entitlement and disdain for commoners contradicting his attitude. The protagonist is no fool, in fact he misled the low noble on purpose. The seme forced the teacher to make lip service in order to obtain a sponsorship, yet simultaneously it actually served to reveal his true thoughts and his true personality: a hypocrite and obsequious (greasy) noble.

Now, I would like to analyse this picture which caught my attention. First, the readers notice that Jung In-Hun is the only character wearing glasses. This is no coincidence since they have two purposes. On the one hand, the manhwaphiles should consider the item as a tool to mask his true face which is actually reflected in the drawing above. Here, we only sees one eye, the other is hidden by the reflection of the sun. We should interpret the missing eye this way. The “learned sir” has an hidden agenda, he is hiding his true intentions and thoughts to his future sponsor therefore he grins. He truly believes that he hasn’t been caught with his lies. He is far from humble and his poem was a plagiarism.

This explains why in the chapter 40, he takes off his glasses in front of the painter. Here, he can no longer hide his true thoughts towards the artist: he is full of arrogance, jealousy and resent. Sure, he immediately puts these back but the fact that in that particular scene he reveals his true self in front of his “fan” just after removing his glasses is significant. This gesture symbolizes and announces what is about to occur. He displays his true emotions and expresses his arrogance and contempt towards the painter. In his eyes, the artist is just a man consumed by lust hence he is a prostitute. He was raised in a brothel therefore he can only live like a whore. This signifies that if the noble takes away his glasses in the second season, we have to observe his future comments and attitude.

Nevertheless, I sense another interpretation of the glasses. People wearing glasses need this object because of their poor sight. Since Jung In-Hun can’t see well, the readers should take the meaning literally. The low noble can’t judge people very well that’s why he is so easily fooled and manipulated by the main character. He is too blinded by his entitlement and pride that he keeps misjudging people and situations. What he mistakes for lust (chapter 40), has been pure love as he is not aware of the painter’s innocence and purity. Moreover he has no idea that he has to thank the low-born for saving his life in the chapter 30. He thinks that as a noble, he can touch the powerful lord so easily. He even comes to the belief that since he is controlling the artist, he stands on the same level than the main character. He doesn’t even notice the killing gaze Seungho is oozing. The learned sir has definitely a poor sight, when it comes to people and situations. He believes that his “intelligence” and knowledge gained through the books is enough for his career, but the man is definitely lacking experiences. He has no knowledge of the world and people, he has never meddled with other dirty, scheming and treacherous nobles before. And this is exactly what Yoon Seungho is telling him before his departure. He is warning him about what could happen to him in the future. Remember that I associated him to the library where he is buried by the books. Even the books are following him in his bedroom. So we could say that Jung In-Hun is naive in a certain sense. He needs to learn through bad experiences in order to understand the harshness of life and to comprehend his own delusions.

But now let’s return to the chapter 6/7.

When the rich and deceptive noble takes his leave, the low noble stands up, even without putting his exterior robe. He still wants to maintain this image of modesty and dependency till the end. He needs a strong financial backer so that he can advance in his career.

When he arrives at the mansion, he is still dressed simply. The robe hasn’t changed at all reinforcing the idea of his poor financial situation. He doesn’t own many clothes. Simultaneously, he wants to keep this appearance as simple and humble as possible hoping that the lord would decide to buy him some clothes. But nothing happens here. On the other hand, he has to witness how the painter gets so many special treatments. He is hired to paint erotic pictures signalizing that he is talented. Then the artist is invited to the hunt, although he is just a low-born. Moreover the master pays attention to his moves (prevent him from falling) and he is even invited by the lord to join him at the pavilion. A doctor is called for him, the main lead even accepts to buy expensive medicine for his painter. The latter has the right to sleep in the master’s chamber, to spend the night with him, to wear the noble’s clothes and to get new winter clothes at the same tailor shop than the master’s. All along, Jung In-Hun listed all the favors the commoner received, while the teacher got nothing in return, only free lodging and a free access to the noble’s huge library. That’s why he loathed Baek Na-Kyum so much and lashed out to him in the chapter 40. The glasses could no longer contain his negative emotions towards the commoner.

Till the chapter 21, the low noble is always dressed with a robe with long sleeves. However, the color starts changing a little. The grey undertone is still present but little by little the pigment of purple increases.

chapter 19

Here, the color looks more mauve. That’s why I said that his color is very hard to determine and came to choose “gris de lin” as Jung In-Hun’s color. The explication for this inaccuracy is that this undefined coloration displays the dirtiness and ambiguity of this character. The dye is never clear and pure, so different from Yoon Seungho. On the other hand, there is one scene where the pigment is very clear. It is in his bedroom, here he is seen wearing white undergarments. This could be judged as a clue that he is a virgin. His shady personality is mirrored by the unclear dye, yet he is pure, when it comes to sex. However, I had written in the analysis entitled “Jung In-Hun’s secrets” that he gave me the vibe of a pedophile. With this observation, I would contradict my own statement. However, we could imagine that the low noble does have phantasms about little girls which he tries to hide. The question is, if the moment he has to prostitute himself for his career, he could decide to outlive his hidden perversity, especially to compensate his frustration. With children, he could show his superiority and arrogance, while he has to lower himself and sacrifice his own butt for his career and benefit.

Now, let’s go back to the pigment “gris de lin”. You might wonder what “gris de lin” is. Here you can see what “gris de lin” is.

https://www.benjaminmoore.com/fr-ca/introduction-a-la-couleur-benjamin-moore/trouvez-votre-couleur/couleur/1394/gris-de-lin?color=1394

There are two reasons why I chose a French website. First this coloration resembles to the one Jung In-Hun is wearing. The irony is that the owner of this website comments that this color suits perfectly to girls’ room. Now, you understand why I chose this. Since I have already anticipated that Jung In-Hun will prostitute himself for his own career [read the analysis about “Bel-Ami”], it becomes clear which part he will play during the future lip services. That’s why his color is close to the pink of Baek Na-Kyum.

Based on my observations, the percentage of purple grows little by little until it reaches its peak in the chapter 29, that’s why we have the following robes:

(here the belt looks purple)

chapter 29
chapter 35

Chapter 40:

So here is the question: why do his clothes look more and more purple, especially in the chapter 40, where it looks more like lavender?

In my opinion, this has to do with the color Yoon Seungho chose, when they met for the first time. Remember that his apparel was dark purple, he exuded charisma, power and high nobility. And this is what Jung In-Hun would like to become and it would totally reflect his personality: arrogant and ruthless. If he had the means, he would choose dark purple. But he can’t hence he is forced to choose pastel colors resembling purple. The reason why I chose “gris de lin” was influenced by this observation. In the latest episodes, he had clothes reflecting pastel purple and when you look at his robe in the last chapter, the collar is definitely purple/lilac, however the color in the robe as such is much more diluted. From my point of view, the last cloth mirrors the protagonist’s evolution. Thanks to Yoon Seungho, he was able to buy clothes that were more expensive, the fabric no longer looks cheap as it shines a little. Moreover, the robe looks thicker and softer, unlike in the beginning where it was straight and less flexible. However, the color of the robe symbolizes his failure. The more he tried to get closer to Yoon Seungho through little tricks (like f. ex. asking the painter not to paint or searching for little dirty secrets), the more the lilac/purple came to the surface, yet at the end the pigment is similar to the one from the beginning. So now, what does purple or gris de lin mean?

Here, I am only quoting the negative aspects related to purple because Jung In-Hun is an antagonist therefore he has no positive features in the story. He embodies hypocrisy that’s why his gentle gestures like a caress or an advice are just an illusion.

Negative keywords include: immaturity, being impractical, cynical and aloof, pompous and arrogant, fraudulent and corrupt, delusions of grandeur and the social climber.

And this fits our character so perfectly. He is corrupt as he wants to advance his own career through illegal means (using Baek Na-Kyum as a spy, acting like a pimp and a prostitute, bribing a commoner in order to blackmail the powerful lord etc.). He is delusional like I explained above and he embodies the perfect arrivist. He shows no empathy for the artist, when the latter was raped.

Then if we read the comment about mauve which comes close to “gris de lin”,

Mauve: Mauve fits somewhere between lavender and lilac. helps us to make the best choices and decisions; it is concerned for justice to be done and always does the right thing. On the other hand it can indicate a degree of commonness, the social climber aspiring to higher ideals.

it confirms that Jung In-hun is just an average man thinking too highly of himself and of his own importance. He is definitely a social climber with no conscience, not afraid of using sex for his own benefit. If he has to kiss the painter’s hand in order to incite him to work for him, then he will do it. He doesn’t realize the whole time that he is contradicting himself. He loathes sodomy but in fact, he is using the lord’s homosexuality for his own interest. He is even forcing the painter to sell his body so that he can discover secrets from the powerful master. He is living in his own world in the end, unaware that he has already entered the world of a brothel acting like a pimp and a whore.

If you pay attention to the kind of robes the former teacher is wearing, you’ll notice that he switches between long sleeves and short sleeves. Jung In-Hun is wearing an exterior robe with short sleeves on different occasions. First, he has one during the hunt, then when he visits the craftsman (either a dyer or a washer) and when he is reading at the library. Why did he change the style? My interpretations of his motivation are the following.

During the hunt, he had chosen to confront the powerful lord and humiliate him by accusing him of hypocrisy and telling him that he was a talented man full of potential. It ended up in a disaster as he never expected the lord to know the origin of the poem he gave to Baek Na-Kyum. Furthermore he has to hear that he is far from being skillful, a terrible statement for the arrogant man.

Then when he visits the artisan, he wants to impress him because he needs his help. He has to dress like a quite rich noble so that the craftsman will be willing to help him for the investigation in Yoon Seungho’s past. Remember that he even gave money to the man, yet we truly know his own financial situation. He has no real fortune and only his title that distinguishes him from the commoners.

Then in the chapter 40, we have to imagine that he must have heard about Baek Na-Kyum’s visit to the tailor shop, where Yoon seungho usually buys his own clothes. I detect that this must have hurt his pride hence he felt the need to dress up so that if the painter came to see him, he wouldn’t get aware that Yoon seungho was treating him so differently. He had to maintain his image that he was sponsored by the lord too. You can now imagine why Jung In-Hun exploded, the moment the painter asked him if he would take responsibility for him. For him, it sounded like a farce. The painter was favored by the rich noble and now he is asking from an impoverished noble to take his responsibility.

At the end, the quality of his clothes has improved but not his situation. He is still dependent of the sponsoring from Yoon Seungho. However, the problem is that he needs to succeed at the civil service examination and if he fails, his future is really uncertain. Only at the end he realizes that the wealthy noble is in love with the painter but it is too late for him. He lost his temper and revealed his true personality to the artist hence he can no longer use the artist. The latter is no longer his tool. Therefore Jung In-Hun will have to find another sponsor in the long run and it is definitely possible that he becomes The Yoons’ (Seung-Won and his father) or the King’s puppet.

We come now to the last part where the low noble’s dye doesn’t appear unclear, quite the opposite: it looks accurate, even softer. In the chapter 19, Baek Na-Kyum has the impression that the teacher visits his room after their quarrel. Here, he is under the influence of alcohol but the change of brightness illustrates the false perception the painter has of his teacher. He only judges him as someone pure and dignified. This scene is just a dream, the expression of the artist’s unconscious and own delusions. He couldn’t bear to be left alone and rejected. The reality is so different, his admired learned sir is just corrupt and vicious what Baek Na-Kyum fails to recognize for a long time. The “gris de lin” in the manhwa never looked so clean like the pigment from the French Website.

As a conclusion, I perceive another clue about Jung In-Hun’s future. He will be a social climber through illegal means, blinded by his own arrogance and naivety. He might be able to deceive commoners but it is different among the nobles as they are truly selfish, ruthless and treacherous, just like him. He was a snake towards Baek Na-Kyum but he will turn into a peacock, an admired bird that is unable to flight. Does it mean that his career will never take off, since the peacock can’t fly? Will the teacher really be able to climb the social ladders and become a high official? I doubt it due to my association with the peacock. Moreover, the painting about his inauguration could be perceived as a bad omen. This was just an illusion, a dream inspired by the painter’s admiration and love for the low noble based on a false judgement. The peacock is the animal privileged by royalty, however it is just there for admiration and nothing more. The peacock will never be powerful like Jung In-Hun hopes. These are my predictions.

Feel free to comment or to give any suggestion for an analysis (topic, manhwas). If you enjoyed reading it, retweet it and push the button “like” so that this writing doesn’t become pointless. My twitter/instagram/tumblr account: @bebebisous33 Thanks for the support.

Painter Of The Night: Traces of “Dangerous liaisons” and “Justine: the Misfortunes of Virtue” in the manhwa

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhin.com/en/comic/painter  But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes.

If you have already read about my biography, then you know that my real work is teaching French and History. This means that French literature is part of my lessons. I am not sure if many of you are acquainted with French literature, but at some point while writing my analyses, I came to realize that Painter Of The Night contains many parallels to two famous French novels written just before the French Revolution that started in 1789. The first obvious connection is the historical period.

Moreover, the first novel “Dangerous Liaisons”/”Les Liaisons dangereuses” written by the noble Choderlos de Laclos and the second book “Justine: The Misfortunes of Virtue/ Justine ou les infortunes de la vertu” from Marquis de Sades, also another noble, describe both the libertinage and as such the decadence of high society in 18th Century.

Libertinage or libertinism means that a man or woman lives disregarding authority or convention in sexual or religious matters. They are not bound by social etiquette or even religion. This is a movement existing in the 17th and 18th century influenced by The Enlightenment but it doesn’t necessarily mean that this mentality is something positive. Actually, the perverted side of libertinism is criticized in both works as it became reduced to sex. “Dangerous liaisons” and Justine: The Misfortunes of Virtue” caused a huge scandal and even Marquis de Sades was sent to prison due to his writing. Why? The reason is simple: both books portray the old and high nobility as obsessed with sex and full of vices, while at the same time nobles from high and old nobility called themselves honorable and looked down on poor people and new nobles. No one wanted to be seen as a depraved lord or lady.

Now, if we compare these novels with the manhwa, the similarities are quite visible. All the nobles we met are corrupted, living in debauchery or dishonesty. They are far from being honorable and pure. While the low noble Jung In-Hun didn’t take his position seriously and never taught the children, the others from the high nobility were busy with different kind of pleasures: hunting

chapter 22

, sex

chapter 8

or even sex orgies.

chapter 33

We never see them working as officials, it looks like only the old beared men, mentioned by Yoon Seungho,

chapter 44

are working for the King, while the young lords show no real interest in improving the country and the living conditions of the commoners. They are all selfish and self-centered thinking about their own pleasures or about their own career in order to get power and wealth. Yet, the commoners have always represented the biggest part of any society in the past. In France, the third state (commoners) represented 98% of order society. I doubt that in Joseon the society was very much different. Consequently, nobility acts as if it was honorable and pure, while in reality they have sex orgies and even practice sodomy which is condemned by social morals. And here is the hypocrisy: for commoners, sodomy is kind of forbidden, while it is tolerated for the nobility. Then in Painter of The Night, we see the nobles visiting the giseang house, a brothel, as a diversion.

chapter 19

Whereas they condemn the painter for being unclean and filthy because he was raised there,

chapter 40

they are actually the reason why the brothel can exist. Without rich nobles, the gisaengs wouldn’t be able to live. Here, the author criticizes the double standards and the hypocrisy of nobility. In my opinion, the teacher didn’t visit the brothel, not because he was virtuous, but because he had no rich friend and no mean to afford them. Remember that he is just a low noble: no huge wealth and no connection. This explains why Baek Na-Kyum doesn’t like nobles

chapter 2

which is revealed in the beginning and sees in Yoon Seungho’s behavior the typical attitude of a noble: selfish, depraved, “consumed by lust”. Besides, I already mentioned in another analysis that Jung In-Hun could have a hidden vice: pedophilia. Furthermore, the popularity for erotic paintings is another clue for the debauchery of the high nobles. In other words, all three works (the manhwa and the two French novels) give a similar portray of the high society: a very pessimistic and corrupted nobility supporting the inequity and the injustice of that system. Their titles give them the authority to rule over the commoners. No one seems to be questioning this order society and its rules. It is fine as long as they benefit from this system.

Nonetheless, this negative picture of the high society (nobility) is not the only common denominator between these three creations. I also see some similarities between the characters from “Dangerous liaisons” and “Justine: The Misfortunes of Virtue”. Let me summarize the first novel “Liaisons dangereuses”. Valmont, a lord from the “noblesse d’épée” (old nobility/sword-nobility) is a libertine and as such has a lot of sexual encounters. He loves seducing women and uses sex as a weapon. All this time, he is exchanging letters with Madame de Merteuil, the female version of a libertine. She is his ex-lover but she would like him to seduce a young woman, Cecile de Volanges, the fiancee of the Marquise’s ex-lover. Her purpose is to get revenge on her former sex partner. During this time, Valmont has another target. He has already planned to seduce the virtuous Madame de Tourvel, the wife of the parliament president, a former bourgeois who became ennobled by the king which means that he is wealthy and influential. In other words, Monsieur de Tourvel belongs to the rather new nobility: “noblesse de robe” (“nobility due an official position”) which was considered as a rival by the old and traditional “noblesse d’épée”. The resent for the new nobles leads the protagonist Valmont to seduce the virtuous wife. It was as if he was declaring war to this new nobility as they are often much richer then the old nobility “noblesse d’épée”. This explains why the author of this novel commented in his notes the following:

“The love of war and the war of love. Glory. The love of glory. Valmont and Merteuil [both protagonists or better said antagonists in the novel] talk about it all the time. The love of combat. The tactics, the rules, the methods. The glory of victory. The strategy to win a very frivolous prize.”

Love, or better said sex, is associated to war. As you can perceive, the author Choderlos de Laclos created Vicomte de Valmont and Madame de Merteuil as unscrupulous cynic, full of sarcasm, cold and calculating. Here, the man perceives Madame de Tourvel as conquest and every possible method is allowed to achieve his goal. Now, you understand how the lord is: cold, manipulative and quite determined in order to achieve his goal. Sex is like war in reality but in order to deceive his victim, his actual prey, he has to act as if he was in love. But for the libertine, sex has nothing to do with love. Sex is just a pleasure, a weapon to defeat and humiliate his rival. Now, you understand why I even imagined that Min would be interested in Yoon Seungho and used Jihwa to get rid of Baek Na-Kyum. Here, sex has become a game of power and submission, just like in war. Just like Yoon Seungho had sex with other nobles, sex was his weapon to show his authority and power. In this manhwa, sex is indeed associated to fight and power. Seungho used his position as lord to submit Baek Na-Kyum at the pavilion. Now, if we compare Valmont with Yoon Seungho, we will find some parallels:

– He acts like a libertine, as he pays no attention to moral values and etiquette. He is definitely more enlightened than his “friends” because he values people based on their talents and actions. He puts a lot of trust in his assistant Kim and accepts the painter right from the start despite his social background. He appreciates the man for his talent.

– He acts like a libertine because he often has sex and doesn’t even hide it. Sex has nothing to do with marriage or love. It is just to bypass time.

– For him, sex has never been real pleasure but war. The true purpose of his depraved life is hurt to his father, to remind him of his sins. Besides, I also think that he never felt his sex partners from the nobility as true friends. They were rather his tools, just like Valmont treats other nobles. On the other hand, the nobles thought that they were using him. Thanks to him, they could get to enjoy parties, even take some benefit. However, the lord was always aware of this. Both were never really free in their choice in reality. Seungho had to choose among the nobles, just like Valmont.

– Their way to approach their target is quite similar. There is strategy behind Seungho’s actions. In the scene 16, he wants to know if the artist is a bottom or a top hence he uses a remark to get his answer.

Then he touches the painter’s head with the headband, that way he creates a certain closeness. Finally, the masturbation symbolizes the climax of his slow approach. He knows that he has to be careful with the painter, since the latter was forced to remain by his side by using Jung In-Hun as leverage. In this scene, it becomes clear that he was already aiming at the commoner.

– Both fall in love with their prey. Striking is that Valmont has to act as if he was in love with Madame de Tourvel and as time passed on, the boundaries between appearances and reality became fuzzy so that the noble fell in love with the woman for real. We have also a mixture of seem and real in the “wedding night” because the noble acts as if he was the “learned sir”. He thought, he could seize the opportunity and taste the young man, yet the latter made love to him so that Yoon Seungho could never forget their night together. Sure, the lord had already fallen for the artist before but he was unaware of it. But the “wedding night” was the trigger for him to have him as his real sex partner/lover. So the illusion plays a big part in their falling in love.

However, there are also huge differences between him and Valmont.

– Seungho became a sodomite due to circumstances hence he never came to enjoy sex, whereas the French Vicomte had pleasure with his partners. Only through the painter’s creation, the lord in Joseon comes to perceive himself in a different light and accepts his homosexuality and the ecstasy accompanying sex. He is liberated.

– Moreover, at the end, Valmont chose to sacrifice his lover over his pride and arrogance so that Madame de Tourvel has a tragic end. I sense that our couple in Painter Of The Night has another ending.

– The biggest difference between these two lords is that Yoon Seungho is less conventional and more open-minded than the French libertine. Yoon Seungho despises Jung In-Hun for not teaching the commoners properly. He reads a lot which shows that he pays attention to education and he has a lot of knowledge. This explains why he doesn’t care about gossips and opinions. Valmont hid his career as womanizer hidden, just like Madame de Merteuil. They hid their “sexual libertine life” behind etiquette and manners which is not the case for Yoon Seungho. He is even willing to cut ties with Jihwa, while Valmont still kept a relationship with Madame de Merteuil through the letters. Both are real hypocrites, whereas Yoon Seungho is by no means deceitful. He is a man of his words, hence the promise to take Baek Na-Kyum as his “bride” should be taken very seriously. He is very self-confident too but his pride didn’t stop him to lower himself in order to give pleasure to Baek Na-Kyum. He is willing to do anything so that the artist accepts him as his lover. As a conclusion, “Dangerous liaisons” has a lot of common points with the manhwa.

Now it is time to take a closer look to the novel “Justine: The Misfortunes of Virtue” written by Marquis de Sades. The author is indirectly famous as the word “sadistic” is deviated from his name. In his book, the described debauchery truly represents the climax of sexual perversion. There is everything as sex is connected to pain and crimes: rape, torture, murder, strange sexual practices, theft etc. The enlightened author thought that evil was the product of nature which would explain why God always permits that crimes and injustice happen. He had a very pessimistic view of humans. He was one of those who somehow doubted the existence of god. Anyway, in this novel, Justine is the “heroine” and she embodies virtue. She is so innocent but because of her virtuous nature, she becomes the prey of sadistic, selfish and greedy persons. She encounters so many misfortunes which lead to her death. Virtue can not be victorious, only sins and crimes have the upper hand. Now, I am sure that you are wondering why I connect this novel to the manhwa. This is quite simple. Sades wrote:

“In order to know virtue, we must first acquaint ourselves with vice.”

And here is the connection between Seungho and “Justine: The Misfortunes of Virtue”. Seungho met first vice, he had sex without feeling anything. He lived as a man “consumed by lust”, until he met Baek Na-Kyum who mirrored him his true self with his words. Baek Na-KYum embodies virtue and innocence and that’s the reason why the lord is able to recognize the difference between his sex partners from the nobility and the young man. He is the total opposite of them, which the lord realizes. He feels and witnesses the virtues exuding from the painter which leads the master to change. Furthermore, through his first sexual encounter, he experiences the difference between sex and love… because of his past experience, he is able to notice the huge contrast and enjoys their love making. Without Baek Na-Kyum’s innocence and virtue, the lord wouldn’t fallen in love with him so quickly. He remained pure, although he was raised in a brothel reinforcing his virtue. It was as if he had resisted temptation to carnal desires in a place full of temptations. His virginity symbolizes his purity and innocence. Finally, during the first season, we witness all the misfortunes Baek Na-Kyum encounters:

– brainwashing and physical abuse by the teacher

– the witnessing of a murder (episode 1)

– the straw mat beating (episode 12)

– the injustice of being accused of a crime he didn’t commit (damage the painting) : episode 10/11

– rape

– “drugged” as he is influenced by the aphrodisiac (chapter 35/36)

– the harsh words coming from the teacher “He was born to be a prostitute”

– forced to paint against his will

– Being held captive by the lord through different means (theft, blackmail)

– The sex marathon

– forced to do a blow job

– Victim of theft (the retrieved poem)

– Victim of blackmail (In-Hun as hostage)

– the slaps, being grabbed and dragged by Yoon Seungho

He is definitely a new version of Justine. Just like her, he cries a lot. Tears should be here considered as proof of his purity. It was as if his tears would wash away the sins he just experienced or saw. Sure, he is a little different from her as he lies and is quite daring towards the lord. However, let us not forget that his lies are no real lies as they ooze honesty. Yoon Seungho perceives the truth in his lies. Besides, the insolence is somehow connected to sincerity and honesty which are virtues as such, he is unable to control his thoughts and emotions. It is just that Baek Na-Kyum doesn’t follow completely the social conventions, when it comes to Yoon Seungho.

The only huge difference between two works is the pessimistic perception of humans in Sades’ novel. Here, Yoon Seungho changes for the better, which was not the case for Justine’s enemies/sex partners. Love is the trigger for Yoon Seungho to become a better person, less selfish and more caring. This never happened in the French novel “Justine”. She even dies due to lightening showing that nature is quite evil. There is no love in Sades’ novel due to his negative opinion about nature and humans. Since he wrote many sex scenes, his work is unfortunately reduced to sex, while in reality he used his works to describe the corruption and the decadence of the Ancien Régime. [Explanation for this expression: The Ancien Régime was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages until the French Revolution of 1789, which led to the abolition of hereditary monarchy and of the feudal system of the French nobility.] He went even further and questioned the nature of god meaning that he criticized religion and Catholic church. That’s the reason why he was sent to prison and spent many years there.

Nevertheless the debauchery in all these works makes me wonder if a coup d’Etat or a huge incident concerning the king will happen. Let us not forget that a purge happened in the past which shows that there was some conflict between noble families and the king. “Dangerous Liaisons” and “Justine: The Misfortunes of Virtue” announce the arrival of French Revolution because of the perversion of nobility. Commoners are no longer satisfied with the privileges of nobility and their scandalous way of life is no longer accepted as such. We should remember that this decadence is described by two nobles revealing that even some nobles felt that something was wrong. Therefore, we have to wonder if the described decadence in Painter Of The Night announces changes in politics too. It is definitely possible that Yoon Seungho will meddle in politics because of Baek Na-Kyum and might change things for the commoners. He did show some concern for them in the chapter 6, when he disapproved Jung In-Hun’s attitude. However, there will be no revolution and abolition of privileges because this never happened in Joseon. The other reason for this assumption is that in another manhwa (“A painter behind the curtain” from Munamu, https://www.tappytoon.com/comics/painter-behind-curtainm), just like Baek Na-Kyum, the painter Ian was exposed to physical abuse and exploitation. In this story he also witnesses the debauchery of nobility in the Ancien Régime which leads to a revolt and later somehow to a revolution. As you can see, I feel that Painter Of The Night could become more political later, yet there won’t be a total upheaval of the social order and the state due to Joseon’s history.

I hope, this analysis has made you want to read more about the two French novels. Feel free to comment. If you liked it, then push the button like or retweet it. Thanks for reading.

Painter Of The Night: Yoon Seungho’s father: first impressions

This is where you can read the manhwa. https://www.lezhinus.com/en/comic/painter But be aware that this manhwa is a mature Yaoi, which means, it is about homosexuality with explicit scenes. If you want to read more essays, here is the link to the table of contents:  https://bebebisous33analyses.wordpress.com/2020/07/04/table-of-contents-painter-of-the-night/

It would be great if you could make some donations/sponsoring: Ko-fi.com/bebebisous33  That way, you can support me with “coffee” so that I have the energy to keep examining.

The main lead’s father only appears at the end of the first season. Striking is that the beholder can’t see his face as he is looking at the paper on the table. That way he still remains mysterious and somehow anonymous.

episode 44

However, the father is already mentioned in the first episode through Baek Na-Kyum. Striking is that this character is introduced in a similar way like Jung In-Hun. This indicates that although the father is not present in Seungho’s life, his shadow has left a deep impact on Yoon Seungho. Thus in the first chapter, we hear from the artist that the master Yoon had cut off the topknot of his eldest son. This gesture symbolized the rejection and the abandonment from the father. Furthermore it also ruined the son’s reputation. From that moment on, Yoon Seungho was stigmatized by gossips as a huge sodomite. Since Baek Na-Kyum is even able to remember this story, it shows that the huge scandal hasn’t really died down… it still exists in people’s mind. Consequently, the master Yoon is linked to a scandal which doesn’t leave a good impression for the readers.

Later, we discover that the families close the clan Yoon were all arrested due to a purge and only the family Yoon was able to escape from this extermination. What caught my attention is that the whole family left the mansion leaving the eldest son behind. From this simple information, we can already conclude that the father was running away and dropped all the responsibilities to his eldest son. That’s why I already come to the conclusion that the father is more or less a coward. He literally walked away from everything. In another post, I have already exposed my theory about Seungho’s tragic past hence I won’t repeat myself. Sure, there is no guarantee that my assumptions are correct. Yet even without knowing the whole past, I can discern certain features from the father: his gutlessness and his cruelty.

However, the reader feels his presence again, when the younger brother pays a visit to Seungho. The latter had refused to reply to the letter from his brother hence the young man didn’t want to leave the noble alone therefore he visited his brother during the evening and even forced his way into the mansion.

episode 37

The servants could barely stop the young master to enter the chamber of his eldest brother. The way Seung-Won behaves underlines the urgency. The father and his brother seem to need Seungho. But we don’t know the reason. The brother shows a certain discomfort, when he is finally received, since there is a drop of sweat on his cheek. You can sense that he would like to talk in private but can’t because Baek Na-Kyum is present sitting next to Seungho. He tries to ask his brother to send away the young man but he is interrupted by Seungho. The latter won’t listen to him and he should tell immediately the cause for this late visit.

episode 37

The excuse is the long health issues of the father. Therefore he begs his eldest brother to pay a visit to the father. But if Yoon Seungho went to visit his father, this would signify that the son wants to be reintegrated into the family. He would show his respect to his father. Consequently, the father could announce his wish to return to the real family’s domain where Seungho is living. In the long term, the father could claim that since he is the head of the family, he is the real master of that mansion.

Chapter 37

For our protagonist is not stupid, he can only reject the request. Furthermore, this excuse and demand outline two major points:

– The father is using his son Seung-Won as a tool. He knows that he can not ask his eldest son directly, as he was the one who cut ties with him. The father is quite manipulative. He is definitely not ill which the picture in the chapter 44 confirms. The father tried to reach his son much earlier through letters but the son turned a deaf ear.

– The father wants to maintain his good reputation, he doesn’t want to lower himself and beg Seungho for forgiveness. The father truly shows neither regret nor remorse. Now, we can clearly see where Seungho’s selfishness comes from. The father knows that he needs Seungho’s support so that his younger son can become an official. Maybe he wanted from Seungho that Seung-Won is allowed to live at the mansion in the capital.

episode 37

Seungho doesn’t just refuse the request, he is making fun of his brother and father. The reader feels the resent coming from the protagonist, his reply is full of sarcasm as he is reminding his brother about the past which hasn’t been revealed. Since he mentions that he is already living by the principles father taught him, I came to the conclusion that Seungho was never a homosexual from the start. Because his father abandoned him in the past, this event shouldn’t be changed as the father chose to do such a thing. But this ironic remark reinforces the determination of the seme. He has no inclination to reconnect to his relatives.

As conclusion, he is also abandoning his family. He has no intention to help them. Yet, when the brother leaves the house, he receives a letter from the servant Kim which makes Seung-Won happy. It was as if the late visit was not fruitless. For the first time, Seungho gave a letter for the father.

Only at the end of the first season, we discover the content of the letter. It is the ruined painting, where Seungho is having sex with two partners.

chapter 44

In the first picture above, we could see the hands shaking. This already revealed that the person was not happy at all, quite angry. Sending this picture was a very bold move from the protagonist. He is showing his disrespect to his own father. But at the same time, he is reminding his father that he became a homosexual because of him. He is definitely living the life his father forced upon him. However, if you pay attention, the painting has been ruined by Jihwa therefore this erotic picture is fuzzy. It was as if his life as a hell-raiser and biggest sodomite is about to evaporate. His disappearance coincides with his falling in love with the painter. He is actually no longer living like that. He has become quite monogamous. He hasn’t slept with anyone else after Baek Na-Kyum’s recovery. So the father is left in the dark.

Finally, I would like to point out that the father didn’t even let the brother see the content of the letter. This shows that there is some secrecy kept from Seung-Won. Secondly he didn’t even go outside to say goodbye to Seung-Won, when the latter is about to leave for the capital which shows a certain lack of affection from the father. This actually reinforces my impression that Seung-Won is just a tool for the father and is manipulated by him too. It seems like Seung-Won wants to enter the civil service examination too. Seung-Won and Jung In-Hun will both meet there. I can also imagine that Jung In-Hun will be the one who leaks the info about Baek Na-Kyum to the relatives. I can imagine that the father might try to use the painter in order to force Seungho to give in.

As conclusion, although we didn’t get to see the father’s face and don’t know much about him, he has left a negative impression. Through my analysis, I perceived many flaws. He is selfish, greedy, manipulative, coward, cruel and ruthless. Just like Baek Na-Kyum was living in the shadow of the envious and jealous Jung In-Hun, Yoon Seungho led a similar life, he was burdened by the father’s shadow. Since we could see how the painter could escape from the teacher’s claws, we can assume that Seungho will experience the same. Actually this has already started. Thanks to his love for the painter, Seungho has turned into a different man. But let us not forget that he is suffering from insomnia, his hand was also shaking, (chapter 37) when the brother asked him to visit the father. His suffering has not ended totally, for that he needs to unveil his past to the artist.

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